ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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About Ateneum Philological Forum (Forum Filologiczne Ateneum)

Ateneum Philological Forum (Forum Filologiczne Ateneum) is an open access peer-reviewed journal published by the Publishing house of the Ateneum Academy in Gdańsk (Wydawnictwo Akademii Ateneum w Gdańsku)*.

In the journal scientific authors’ original research-based texts are published in Polish and foreign languages. We accept works primarily in the field of linguistics, literature and cultural studies.

The editorial office does not charge any fees from the authors for accepting articles for publication and preparing them for print.

MEiN score: 40 points (2023)

Ateneum Philological Forum is included in the list of ranked scientific journals with awarded 40 points based on the Announcement of the Minister of Education and Science (MEiN) of July 17, 2023 on the list of scientific journals and peer-reviewed materials from international conferences on the position 29816.

The journal contains digital object identifiers DOI (Digital Object Identyfier) by Crossref and unique identifiers for researchers who are the authors published in the journal ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID).

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals ERIH PLUS - The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences CEJSH - The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Biblioteka Nauki - Library of Science ICI World of Journals - Index Copernicus International World of Journals

Ateneum Philological Forum can be found on the open access platforms:

Academia and Researchgate.

* The name of the journal publisher has been changed since 2022 from: 'Wydawnictwo Ateneum-Szkoły Wyższej w Gdańsku' to: 'Wydawnictwo Ateneum-Akademii Nauk Stosowanych w Gdańsku' and "Wydawnictwo Akademii Ateneum w Gdańsku". It was mandatory due to the raising of the university's rank and the change of the name of the university. 

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Ateneum Philological Forum, No. 1(11)2023

Table of Contents

Part I

ESCRITORAS ANDALUZAS (1900-1950) / ANDALUSIAN WOMEN WRITERS (1900-1950)

Daniele CERRATO,  Prólogo del Editor de la parte monográfica de la revista científica Forum Filologiczne Ateneum titulada “Escritoras andaluzas (1900-1950)” / Foreword by the Editor of the monographic Part of the scientific Journal Ateneum Philological Forum entitled “Andalusian women writers (1900-1950)”

Giuliana Antonella GIACOBBE,  El concepto de emancipación femenina en la actividad periodística de Patrocinio de Biedma y la Moneda. Reflexiones en torno a los artículos “Influencia femenina”, “La mujer emancipada” y “Lo que es preciso”, publicados en la revista Cádiz/ The concept of female emancipation in Patrocinio de Biedma y la Moneda’s journalistic activity. Reflections about the articles ‘Influencia femenina’, ‘La mujer emancipada’ and ‘Lo que es preciso’, published in the journal Cádiz

The aim of this article is the analysis, within the prolific journalistic activity of the Andalusian writer Patrocinio de Biedma y la Moneda, of the evolution of the concept of women’s emancipation in three of her articles, "La influencia femenina", "La mujer emancipada" and "Lo que es preciso", published in the journal Cádiz between 1878 and 1879. Founder and director of the magazine Cádiz, de Biedma understood journalism as a way to regenerate the population through the transmission of new ideals that contribute to social improvement. Considered one of the leading representatives of Andalusian (and Spanish) feminism of the late nineteenth century, it is through these articles that Biedma’s Patronage begins to position itself in favor of female emancipation.

Estela GONZÁLEZ DE SANDE,  Casilda de Antón del Olmet y su Feminismo cristiano/ Casilda de Antón del Olmet and her Feminismo cristiano

Casilda de Antón del Olmet was one of the most renowned Andalusian authors of the first half of the 20th century. Numerous writers admired her, reviewed her books or dedicated compositions to her. Critics have included her in different volumes and monographs, offering a brief biography and sometimes inaccurate information about her figure. There is up to date no detailed analysis of her artistic production or her biography. This study presents the author with contrasted data on her biography and work, focusing on the analysis of her last essay, “Christian Feminism”, which brings together the author's critical, philosophical, political and social thought. Within this, attention will be paid to the writer's conception of feminism within the historical and social context in which it is framed.

Fernando LÓPEZ FAJARDO,  La carta-prólogo de En conciencia: Casilda de Antón del Olmet, denuncia y reivindicación / The letter-prologue of En conciencia: Casilda de Antón del Olmet, denunciation and vindication

This investigation analyses the letter in the prologue of En conciencia, the one and only comedy written by Casilda de Antón del Olmet. The text can be read in different points of view, which it is not only useful to reconstruct Casilda’s personality, but also it helps to emphasize the social concern that the writer has always tried to fix. Through gender and perspective’s studies, this work demonstrates how Casilda turns her theatrical piece into a report to women marginalization, the main question of her work. In this epistolary text, Casilda condemns public’s response to En conciencia, and therewith she criticizes how society makes imperceptible the daily situation that a woman lives inside home.

Xinyi ZHAO,  Reflexiones en torno a la identidad femenina en Electroamor de María Laffitte / Reflections on the feminine identity in Electroamor by María Laffitte

This article aims to examine female identities in the short story Electroamor by María Laffitte, aiming to shed light on the treatment of gender conflicts to show concerns about unfair treatment of women, at the same time, it invites us to reflect on the social construction of femininity in the stage of Franco's developmentalism. Our work is carried out from a feminist and interdisciplinary methodological perspective, based on gender studies and psychoanalysis, taking into account literary critics and philological analyses. We rely on the text Electroamor as a platform to build a space for individual and collective expression and, on the other hand, as a way of affirming a multifaceted identity: feminine, intelligent, “ugly”. This study reveals the difficult situation of women in an environment of masculine power during the Franco regime and focuses on the identity crisis that does not allow the protagonist to assume her subjectivity.

Sandra G. RODRÍGUEZ,  Concha Lagos: una perspectiva de género / Concha Lagos: a Gender Studies Perspective

Concha Lagos (Córdoba, 1907-2007) was a prolific writer of poetry, prose and theater, as well as the director of the literary magazine Cuadernos de Ágora, from 1956 to 1964. Her work is being rescued and has some recognition due to its editorial work in the postwar period, in addition to the study of her poetry, mainly. However, her texts have not been extensively analyzed from the perspective of gender studies and feminist literary criticism. Therefore, this study presents an approach to the interest that involves the application of a new perspective that points out and relates aspects that, otherwise, would remain hidden. They stand out: the critical conscience that Concha Lagos embodies in her texts, her work of self-representation and breadth of female models in literature and the creation of female networks in the cultural panorama of the moment.

Miguel SOLER GALLO,  Pequeña historia de ayer, las memorias de Mercedes Formica:  claves de lectura para interpretar su discurso ideológico y feminista (1931-1958) / Pequeña historia de ayer, the memories of Mercedes Formica: Reading keys to interpret her ideological and feminist discourse (1931-1958)

This paper offers keys to reading the memoirs of the writer and lawyer Mercedes Formica (Cádiz, 1913 – Málaga, 2002), one of the figures most unfairly treated by Spanish history and literature, despite the important artistic work and legal process that he carried out in the second half of the 20th century, in one of the most difficult stages due to repression and lack of freedom, such as the Franco dictatorship. These keys are aimed at better understanding their ideological profile and commitment to equality between women and men. The author has consistently emphasized that the pursuit of women's rights should not be subject to any ideological or partisan considerations. Instead, it should be regarded as a universal human rights issue with global significance. The presented insights into her life and intellectual journey aim to foster a more impartial understanding of her legal and literary contributions. 

Part II

LINGUISTICS

Iwona BENENOWSKA, Anna BĄCZKOWSKA,  “Nobody from the Kossaks family has mounted a horse with a knife and fork so far” – Axiolinguistic analysis of evaluative culinary language in letters written by Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska

The aim of the paper is to describe evaluative language in letters written by Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska to her husband. The study focuses on examples that illustrate the evaluation of objects related to culinary topics. Over sixty cases of evaluation have been identified in the purpose-built corpus of culinary contexts, where the primary part of speech with the evaluative function was the adjective. The theoretical framework of the study adheres to axiolinguistics. The methods and tools employed in the investigation involve a corpus-based analysis, i.e., frequency, distribution and sentiment analysis in the quantitative part, and axiolinguistic typologies and expert annotation in the qualitative part. The results of the study have shown that the predominant evaluation type is the lexical one, followed by the grammatical and connotative. The study also shows that the majority of the culinary contexts in the corpus are negatively charged.

Dominik SKOWRON, Anna BĄCZKOWSKA,  Assessment of various GPT Models versus the human text: a quantitative analysis of lexis and cohesion

The aim of the paper is to analyse select lexical parameters and text cohesion of academic texts automatically generated by several OpenAI LLM models (GPT) in order to (1) investigate the quality of GPT output relative to the original text; (2) compare the quality of various GPT models. The material used in the study comprised a fragment of a research article. The method of analysis involved NLP-based text analysis tools that focus on the examination of various lexical and text cohesion parameters. The study shows that the similarity between AI-generated texts and the text written by the human author is very high and that there is no single model which would achieve the highest values for all linguistic indices.

Ewa PIOTROWSKA, Anna BĄCZKOWSKA,  Readability of information on stem cell therapies: a comparison between commercial websites and scientific articles

The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the readability level of the stem cell companies’ websites content and scientific articles devoted to this topic. Eight readability formulas were utilised to assess the readability of the information available on the 2020 top ten stem cell companies’ websites and of 24 scientific articles (12 research articles and 12 reviews) published in npj Regenerative Medicine between 2018 and 2020, selected on the basis of the search term “stem cell therapy human”. The average Flesch Reading Ease Score was 32.6 (difficult) for website pages, 35.8 (difficult) for original articles, and 22.4 (very difficult) for reviews. Based on the other seven readability algorithms applied here, none of the examined texts was written beyond the sixth-grade level of readability, indicating that neither scientific articles nor commercial materials from the companies’ websites delivered information on stem cell-based therapies that would be easily readable for an average adult.

Jolanta HINC,  Pleonasm in English – Polish – German. Translation and Implications for Foreign Language Teaching

The following article deals with pleonasms. These are expressions that occur in every language where one element repeats the meaning of the whole phrase and is thus redundant. The aim of the planned study is to ascertain how students of English and German deal with pleonasms and whether they retain them in translation. A second aspect for examination is the extent of students’ translation experience and language awareness, measured in this study by how conscious their approach to pleonasms in translation work is. Two groups of students will be tested - those in their 2^nd (without translation experience) and those in the 3^rd year of study for a bachelor’s degree in applied Linguistics. The results will be compared on the students’ completion of three translation tasks: translation from Polish into German and English, translation from German into Polish and from English into Polish. Based on the results of the translation tasks, several didactic implications are suggested to promote language awareness regarding redundancy and pleonasms.

Maciej KALISZ,  Nowoczesne techniki tłumaczeniowe na przykładzie ekwiwalentu i transferu / Equivalence and transfer as examples of current translation techniques

The article provides a brief account of select translation techniques currently used, with special emphasis placed on equivalence and transfer. Various types of techniques are discussed, including some controversies related to their definitions. Resulting from this overview, a new definition of a translation technique is proposed, and  the characteristics, applications and mechanisms of the equivalent and transfer are presented. When considering the phenomenon of translation techniques, it is necessary to clearly indicate how they differ from the translation procedure (and/or  translation strategy), as well as to indicate what role the techniques play in the translator's work. While they are certainly not a panacea for all translation problems, they can be useful tools that help avoid certain errors in the translation process.

Sylwia FIRYN,  Leksykalno-semantyczne aspekty tłumaczenia tekstów literackich z okresu staro-wysoko-niemieckiego na współczesny język niemiecki i polski / Lexical-semantic aspects of translating literary texts from the Old High German period into modern German and Polish

The problem of translating German-language texts from the late Middle Ages has so far been ignored in German academic literature, mainly due to the lack of specialists among contemporary Germanists. This publication deals with the translation aspects of texts that have appeared in print and the focus is on evaluation of existing translations and translation attempts. In practice, we encounter three types of translation: poetic translation, literal (philological) translation, i.e. the exact reproduction of the entire original text and adaptive translation, which is usually information about the content of the text. Poetry translations should be done by poets or translators who are knowledgeable about poetics, an adaptive translation is made, for example, at the request of a historian or an archivist who wants to know what a particular text discusses, while a philological translation is made in order to familiarize the potential recipient with the exact content of the original. A successful philological translation requires the translator to demonstrate historical-linguistic knowledge as well as historical knowledge.

Michał Zbigniew DANKOWSKI,  Dlaczego alcalde nie zawsze jest burmistrzem? O genezie urzędu hiszpańskiego alkalda i problemie z jego polskim ekwiwalentem w świetle komparatystyki prawno-administracyjnej i juryslingwistycznej / Why isn't the alcalde always the mayor? On the origins of the office of the Spanish alcalde and the problem with its Polish equivalent in the light of legal, administrative and jurislinguistic comparative studies

The difficulties that specialized legal and legal language pose to translators of texts of normative acts and all their interpretations, comments, glosses and other texts of broadly understood jurisprudence, as well as to practitioners applying law in their professional work, are increasingly the subject of scientific research. The specialized legal language is characterized by difficulties in translating the names of individual offices and institutions. This especially applies to Spanish legal linguistics, which has few equivalents in Polish. In the study presented in this paper, several cases were identified where some legal terms were translated incorrectly since they did not take into account the specificity and differences of individual legal and administrative systems. An example of such an inappropriate translation, deeply rooted in the Polish scientific and literary tradition, is the institution of the alcalde, which is identified almost exclusively as a Polish mayor. The present study is devoted to translation inequivalence that stems from distinct legal systems used in various countries.

Karolina JANOWSKA,  Las técnicas de traducción del español al polaco sobre el ejemplo de „La Cruz del Diablo” de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer / Translation techniques from Spanish to Polish on the example of “The Devil’s Cross” by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of translation techniques used in "La Cruz del Diablo”  by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer. The study thus deals with the techniques employed in the translation from Spanish into Polish, which can be a challenging task for translators, given the Spanish verbal system and syntax that substantially differ from Polish. The challenge for the translator is to try to make the translation as faithful as possible while preserving the unique style of the poet. The original text examined in this paper exemplifies Spanish legends, which are rarely translated into Polish. Two translations of 'Leyendas' have been published so far, by Henryk Pietruszczak and Katarzyna Rączkowska; the latter, which was published in 2003 in Kraków, has been compared with one provided by the author of this study.

Aleksandra MAŃKA,  El lunfardo y los argentinos: un estudio sobre el habla popular hoy en día / The Lunfardo and the Argentines: a study on popular speech today

The great wave of immigrants from Europe to Argentina between the 19th and 20th centuries brought a number of words from several languages and their dialects, such as Italian, Spanish, French, English, German, and Portuguese, which mixed with the local variation of Spanish and gave life to the unique language phenomenon that is Lunfardo. This new phenomenon mapped onto the Spanish language that was already influenced by indigenous languages, ​​such as Quechua and Guaraní. From this unusual mix of languages and dialects, Lunfardo began to emerge in the streets and neighbourhoods of the city, which, at first, had a bad reputation, associated chiefly with the language of thieves. It was assumed in this study that Argentines had a high knowledge of Lunfardo and the aim of this article was to verify this claim.

Beata GŁOWIŃSKA,  Eine Vergleichsanalyse von Lehrwerken für Deutsch als Fremdsprache mit dem Schwerpunkt auf verschiedenen Aspekten der Kultur /

A comparative study of textbooks for German as a foreign language: focus on various aspects of culture

How much culture and what kind of culture should textbooks for German as a foreign language offer? The answer can be found in the document from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education - in the framework curriculum for secondary school education in Poland - students should learn both the cultural content that is associated with everyday life, as well as the content of high culture. This should form a basis for intercultural reflection and thus for the development of communicative competence among the learners. How much culture and what kind of culture do selected textbooks for German as a foreign language (approved for the 2022/23 school year) actually offer? This article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of selected textbooks. The differences between the textbooks examined concern both the amount of cultural content presented and the emphasis in the presentation of individual topics. The result of the study shows that textbook authors strive to ensure that the content is up-to-date and that the topics have a strong connection to the learners and that the content has a practical aspect while the topics of high culture are underrepresented in the textbooks analysed.

LITERATURE AND CULTURE

Milena LESZMAN,  Conflicting Identities in Canadian Immigrant Prose

The paper presents a portrait of immigrant identity on the example of two Polish Canadian writers. Aga Maksimowska's novel, Giant introduces a protagonist who builds her national and personal identity over a dramatic experience of forced emigration, where Canadianness was at first a pragmatic construct, and not a conscious choice. As a result, the girl struggles with her concept of identity. In the case of Eva Stachniak's Necessary Lies, one of the factors which leads to the protagonist's internal conflict is guilt. When in 1981 the martial law was introduced in Poland, the narrator was already in Montreal, freshly in love with a man, who was not her husband. The motif of double guilt (marital betrayal, and that against her motherland) is a frame of Stachniak's novel. The paper is an attempt to show young immigrant prose from the perspective of multicultural experience, which adds another formative background to the idea of identity understood as a choice or creation rather than an inherited legacy.

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Ateneum Philological Forum, No. 1(10)2022

"Discourse, Communication, Interaction"

Contents

Foreword 5-6

LINGUISTICS

Anna BĄCZKOWSKA, "HOPE YOU HAVE A SHIT BIRTHDAY YOU FAT CUNT”– cognitive strategies, rhetorical figures and linguistic means used in insulting Tweets - 9

The paper deals with offensive language gleaned from Twitter, encoded by (abusive) insults and verbal reactions to them. The study aims to analyse how they are constructed in terms of (i) the cognitive strategies employed by the insultees, (ii) rhetorical figures and (iii) linguistic devices used by both the insulters and insultees. The tweets are illustrative of the following shifts occurring in responses relative to insults: register clash, changing explicit insult into implicit, figure/ground reversal, syntactic echoing, changing abusive language into jocular or into an ironic insult, etc. The cognitive strategies employed by the insultees comprise: ignoring the insulting content, agreeing with the insult, and attacking the insulter with an explicit or implicit insult.

Dagmara SOLSKA, Traversing the Metaverse: the new frontiers for computer-mediated communication and natural language processing - 27

The primary objective of the following paper is to explore the concept of the Metaverse encompassing the Internet revolution, the information revolution, and the artificial intelligence technology revolution, which further incorporates virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies. Due to the fact that the current, fourth wave of computing innovation can be regarded as driven by immersive, spatial technologies, the Metaverse as the so-called post-reality universe and multi-user virtual environment has a considerable potential to become the future of the digital discourse. With Natural Language Processing (NLP) conceptualized as a subfield of artificial intelligence and linguistics, the following paper argues for the inclusion of NLP-based methods in the developing discourse revolving around the transformative idea of the Metaverse. At the same time, computer-mediated communication (CMC), can potentially be extended to the new context of the extensive online world of the Metaverse.

Cecylia TATOJ, Spanish and Polish social language conditions in the eyes of students: linguistic politeness and conversation - 39

The aim of this article is to present some of the results of the contrastive analysis of selected aspects of Spanish and Polish social language determinants based on research conducted among students of the University of Silesia in Katowice going to Spanish universities under the Erasmus program and Spanish students coming to the University of Silesia as part of didactic placements. The author discusses the most important differences in linguistic behavior between Poles and the inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula, which are sometimes the basis of pragmatic errors and may contribute to the formation of negative stereotypes. The subject of the presented research results includes the broadly understood linguistic politeness and conducting a conversation. 

Mariia ONYSHCHUK, A study of coinages: the case of a stand-up comedy - 51

This paper investigates neologisms in data retrieved from stand-up comedies. It postulates social media interaction as a main source of new words, and analyses coined words as specific wordforms in the stand-up comedy routines that mirror current society events. Preconditions, formation of coined words in the stand-up comedy discourse, and their perception by non-native speakers are considered. The article touches the derivational potential of new coinages, discusses the most productive word-building techniques, and describes respondents’ reactions to coinages in order to understand whether they can adequately interpret the words’ meanings. Obtained results demonstrate the relevance of digitally coined words in modern English. They prove the hypothesis that satirical work across the world has a strong impact on our society and the language we use. Potential future research in the field of social mass media neology on the basis of other non-related languages is suggested.

Agnieszka PASTUCHA-BLIN, Le (principali) emozioni negative espresse nei fraseologismi somatici italiani e polacchi / The (basic) negative emotions expressed in the Italian and Polish somatic phraseologisms - 67

The contribution is an attempt to capture the major differences within the semantic category of emotions: anger, aggression, fear, sadness and submission, expressed in the somatic phraseologisms of the Italian and Polish languages. In addition to the theoretical considerations, the aim of the study is to establish which idiomatic expressions containing the names of body parts are used to verbalize certain emotional states. The observations are based on the analysis of the phraseological, practical, collocation and general dictionaries, thanks to which the differences relating primarily to the metaphorical conceptualization of the emotions under study become visible. The divergencies observed between the Italian and Polish somatic phraseologisms concern mainly the source domain that is necessary for a person to be able to understand and convey emotions that are often intangible, elusive and difficult to understand.

Maciej DURKIEWICZ, L’italiano e il polacco alla luce dell’opposizione lingue eso- / endo-centriche / Italian and Polish in the light of the opposition between exo- / endo-centric languages - 81

The article offers the synthesis of a contrastive research on Italian and Polish action verbs. A theoretical-interpretive framework for the proposed analyses is provided by a proposed typology of languages according to which, based on certain differences in lexical distribution observed in Romance and Germanic languages – in particular in Italian and Danish – can be described as either more or less endocentric or more or less exocentric. As it results from the study conducted according to both competence-based and corpus-based methodologies, Italian turns out to be an exocentric language, while Polish leans toward flatter textualizations from the point of view of semantic information distribution in the utterance.

Svitlana MATVIEIEVA, Ramunė KASPERĖ, Вербалізація семантики карантинних заборон і обмежень в українській мові / Verbalization of the Semantics of Quarantine Prohibitions and Restrictions in Ukrainian - 97

The article deals with the specifics of the verbal implementation of prohibitions and restrictions in quarantine-epidemiological texts. The object is the category of prohibition, the subject is the specifics of the verbalization of this category, namely the structural and semantic content, pragmatic and discursive features of the functioning of the verbal representatives of the semantics of the prohibition. The actual material for this paper is the texts of informational messages in the Ukrainian language, which refer to the prohibition on visiting public places without protective masks. Lexical, syntactic, graphic means of textual organization of prohibition announcements were studied. Special attention is paid to the categories of addressant and addressee, methods of explication of these discursive elements, specific creolization of the studied advertisement texts.

Magdalena JASZCZEWSKA, Marta NOIŃSKA, Polskie i angielskie paremie o szczęściu / Polish and English paremies about happiness, luck and fortune - 109

The purpose of this article is to compare Polish and English proverbs referring to the concepts of happiness, luck and fortune (corresponding to one Polish polysemous lexeme szczęście). The authors describe the interdependence of the concepts in question in European culture and compare their linguistic expression in Polish and English. In the analyzed paremiological material there are numerous proverbs with similar or even identical meaning in both languages, which can be explained by the universal nature of paremies and common cultural heritage, e.g., happiness and luck are usually described as changeable, fleeting and unpredictable; fortune is often personified. Some discrepancies can also be observed, which can be accounted for by different mentality and various folk traditions. Polish proverbs are more pessimistic and underline bad consequences of luck. In English paremies, luck is often associated with the devil or evil. Moreover, folk superstitions reflected in the analyzed material are nation specific.

Janusz POCIASK, Zur sprachlichen Kodierung von Emotionen im Diskurs / About linguistic encoding emotions in discourse - 125

In this paper, the scientific interest will focus on the encoding of emotions as communicative practices in media discourses. Reference will be made to selected aspects of discourse-linguistic emotion research. Furthermore, the question of the emotionalization of discursive events will be investigated on the background of the role of the media fulfilled in the encoding emotions. Emotions as discursive practices are explored on the intratextual and transtextual levels of discourse analysis. Using the „Nord Stream” debate as an example, it will be shown how processes of encoding and generating emotions can be captured and analysed in the respective dimension.

Katarzyna KUKOWICZ-ŻARSKA, Emocjonalizacja przekazu jako wyznacznik potencjału współczesnego dyskursu sportowego / Message emotionalization as a determinant of potential in contemporary sports discourse - 143

This paper discusses the emotionality of sports press releases and the very mechanism of emotionalization of reception, which, following Barańczak (1975), is treated here as one of the mechanisms that allow the discoursal persuasive function. This mechanism, through the active impact of a given text on the recipient’s emotional and behavioural spheres, is to block their intellectual and reflective abilities in order to stimulate processes of emotional reception of the text. Thus, the emotional potential of a text promotes the intentional induction or intensification of certain states in the recipient. Such texts, furthermore, may display different levels of such a potential, conditional upon the purpose, content, linguistic items applied, style or tone of expression. Based on such precepts, emotionality, similarly to evaluation, are both perceived as persuasive strategies, and considered to be immanent elements of sports discourse texts.

Marzena GUZ, Niemieckie nazwiska urzędników Starego Miasta Braniewa w XIV wieku / German surnames of officials in 14^th century Braniewo - 161

This paper presents the origin of genetically German surnames, to determine their structure and to determine whether the surnames under study were still present in Warmia in the 18th century. Regarding the origin of surnames, the classification of surnames with one motivation is partly based on the classification introduced by S. Rospond (1967). Moreover, the classification of surnames by their etymology, e.g. according to the Duden. Familiennamen dictionary, was also taken into account. The linguistic phenomena in certain surnames were also highlighted. The material database has not previously been used in anthroponymic research. Most of the surnames described here are non-derivative, while others are derived with inflectional and word-formation suffixes. The vast majority are names with a single motivation. 65.5% of the surnames had ceased to exist by the 18^th century. The personal names under investigation feature, among others, the following linguistic phenomena: Polonisation, Latinisation by means of inflectional formants, e.g. -i, -is and the word-forming -us, and the doubling of consonants without justification.

Sylwia FIRYN, Wybrane problemy tłumaczenia tekstów niemieckich pisanych prozą z okresu wczesno-nowo-wysoko-niemieckiego na język polski / Selected problems of translating German texts written in prose from the Early New High German period into Polish - 175

The publication is devoted to the aspects of translating chancellery texts existing in the manuscript form and texts read off from the Early New High German period. The paper provides basic information introducing the problems of reading manuscripts from the turn of the Middle Ages and the modern era. The road to Polish translation usually consists of three stages: reading the old manuscript, translation of the text into modern German, translation into Polish. The potential omission in the stage of translation into modern German is not recommended, because then German researchers without knowledge of Early New High German would lose access to the content of the text. The presented research is based on the texts of the chancellery of the Teutonic Order and German-speaking non-religious chancelleries (e.g. texts written in the cities of Royal Prussia after the Second Peace of Toruń).

LANGUAGE TEACHING 

Anna KULIŃSKA, Joanna SOCHA, The implementation of aspects of NLP in teaching English - 201

This paper focuses on Neuro-Linguistic Programming and its main presuppositions and concepts which could be used in the field of education. The basis of NLP method is based on human neurobiology and relates to the function of its brain. Neuro-linguistic programming refers to effective communication methods which are based on the change of people's perception and thinking. It consists of many techniques that improve communication. It also provides simple tools to work with emotions and to manage stress, strategies for encouraging creativity, time management, problem solving, motivation and learning. Thus, although NLP originates from psychotherapy, its techniques and tools were rapidly transferred to other areas of life. Education is one of the fields where NLP can be applied. Research indicates that using it in teaching and learning process can be beneficial both for students and teachers.

Alberto REGAGLIOLO, Oral production A2+ in Italian as foreign language: autonomy and repetition tasks - 215

The aim of this study is to present the oral production in Italian as foreign language (A2+) in the higher education level as a result of some repetition task activities with repetition questions and the autonomy study of the students for the oral preparation. For this research it has been analysed how students answer to the same question in 1:1 conversation after four weeks. The corpus comprises a total of 20 oral answers (10 in the first conversation and 10 in the second) and has been transcribed using the Jefferson method. Through the research it should be highlighted that comparing the total of the first answers with the second, the number of words used were major in the second answers as well as the length of the answer. Furthermore, in the second conversation, the level of autocorrection was higher. In addition, no remarkable differences were found by the use of micro and long pauses, interjectional, cut of words or phrases.

Onofrio BELLIFEMINE, Tra storia e cultura la cucina italiana al di là degli stereotipi: un'esperienza didattica in Polonia / Between history and culture, Italian cuisine beyond stereotypes: an educational experience in Poland - 247

This work describes a didactic experience, that of the course History of Italian cuisine (Historia kuchni włoskiej), aimed at students of the third year of Italian philology (Filologia włoska), specialization cultural tourism (turystyka kulturowa) at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw. The course focuses on the active participation of students, who start from a precise, albeit approximate knowledge of Italian cuisine and eventually come to different conclusions and create a different awareness of the problem. The experience, gained starting from the 2018-2019 academic year, is aimed at promoting the understanding of Italian history, the understanding of the relevant elements of its gastronomic culture and the overcoming of stereotypes and forcing framework of an action aimed at promoting the cultural curiosity, interculturality, the deepening of socio-cultural knowledge.

Renata MAJEWSKA, Los marcos fundamentales de la integración en el sistema educativo AICLE (CLIL) Parte 3: Las competencias personales integradas del alumno / Basic perspectives of integration in the CLIL educational system. Part 3: Student’s integrated personal competences - 265

The article constitutes the third part of a series of articles pertaining to the basic perspectives of integration in the CLIL educational system. At the beginning, there has been recalled the author’s original concept of the four perspectives of integration in CLIL, ordered according to the student’s perspective, dedicating the present text to the student’s integrated competence perspective. In the subsequent part of the article the author reviews the most important concepts of the student’s competence, namely: the personal communicative competence of Wilczyńska, competences according to CEFR, key competences, the integrating role of the discursive competence according to Celce-Murcia, referring them all to the CLIL educational context. The work is ended with the author’s own model of the student’s integrated competence perspective in CLIL and with the conclusions.

Karolina JANOWSKA, Andragogía: Métodos de la educacion de las lenguas extranjeras para los adultos / Andragogy. Methods of teaching foreign languages to adults - 291

Teaching foreign languages is challenging for teachers, but for adults it is even more challenging, as adults often make an independent and informed decision about the specific foreign language they want to learn and have a high level of motivation to achieve it. This is due to several aspects, but most of it is due to the necessity or the consequences of working life. While learning foreign languages is compulsory for school-age children, adults do so on a voluntary basis, which places more demands on their teaching and teaching methods than on young people. Each student develops their own learning style, based on previous educational experiences acquired at previous educational levels, the social and cultural context of the family in which they lived, the models they have adopted from their peers and their application in institutions. The objective of this article is to show what andragogy is, what are the technical aspects of adult learning, as well as the motivation for adult learning and the method of teaching a foreign language to adults.

LITERATURE AND CULTURE

Edyta ŁADUCH, Various aspects of freedom in John Fowles novels The Collector and The Magus - 317

This paper presents an analysis of the various aspects of freedom pictured by John Fowles in his novels The Collector and The Magus. The analysis consists of elements related to freedom in terms of social conventions, morality, sexuality, and free will. The methodology of the work is based on theories of postmodernism with an emphasis on existentialism and magical realism. The issue of freedom is a very extensive and up-to-date concept in the contemporary world, full of situations related to the violation of human rights, which is why this work is an interesting dialogue relating to this topic, so important for the humanity.

REPORTS

Tymon ZIELIŃSKI, Tomasz KIJEWSKI, Aleksandra KOROZA, Izabela KOTYNSKA-ZIELINSKA, Paulina PAKSZYS, Ocean zmian - innowacyjne działania edukacyjne w zakresie Ocean Literacy / Ocean of changes - innovative educational activities in the field of Ocean Literacy - 335

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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 Ateneum Philological Forum, No. 1(9)2021

"Tradition and Transformation"

Contents

Foreword 5-6

LINGUISTICS

Anna BĄCZKOWSKA, An overview of popular website platforms and mobile apps for language learning- 9

This paper aims at providing a survey of the most popular online educational platforms and mobile apps for language learning. It gives an overview of the development and current trends in what is generally labelled computer-assisted language learning (CALL) with reference to select pedagogical theories; in particular, those embedded in the theoretical framework of broadly defined constructivism, as well as select learning processes, including self-regulation, self-directed learning, personal knowledge management and the concept of learner autonomy. Following this theoretical backdrop, the analysis of 30 educational platforms for language learning is presented, which were evaluated against several criteria, such as accessibility, revised Bloom et al.’s taxonomy of learning outcomes, language levels, typology of exercises, etc.

Katarzyna PAPAJA, Artur ŚWIĄTEK, The Image of Men in Advertising as Perceived by Polish Students of English Philology - 37

Images presented in advertisements are very powerful and have huge impact on our perception of the world. The roles of women and men have changed within the last decade and therefore it is worth investigating the way they are perceived in advertising. The purpose of our study was twofold. First, we aimed to find out how Polish students from the English Department at a tertiary level institution in Poland, who are mainly females, perceive the image of a man in advertising. Our second purpose was to analyse their reception of slogans used in the advertisements. In order to find out the answers to our research questions concerning the image of males in advertising as well as language of advertising, we have decided to design a special questionnaire in which the students were asked to comment on advertisements associated with particular image concerning men. The advertisements had been chosen in relation to the categories established by Frith and Müeller (2010). While analysing the data we decided to use these categories, which are to be described in the theoretical part of the article. The obtained data has allowed us to find out what the image of a man is and what kind of language is used to make the advertisements effective.

Arkadiusz JANCZYŁO, Taking a Marked Stance through Evaluative Lexical Items: A Study of Selected Features of Obama’s and Trump’s Inaugural Speeches - 61

The paper presents an analysis of Obama’s and Trump’s inaugural addresses with a view to evidencing how language can be manipulated and also reveal the speaker’s political and ideological stance through the use of marked and evaluative lexical items. The language sample selected for analysis contains personal pronouns and possessive adjectives ‘you, your, we, us, our, ours, ourselves, they, their, them, themselves’, determiner ‘other’ and the term ‘America’ with all its derivative forms as used in the two speeches. 

Marzena GUZ, Nazwiska niemieckie z Reszla z XVI i XVII wieku na litery A i B / German names from Reszel from the 16th and 17th c. starting with letters A and B - 71

This paper aims to present the origin of genetically German surnames to indicate whether they have variants, their origin, and whether the surnames under investigation could still be found in Warmia in the 18th century and the 20th century in the former province of Olsztyn. The research material comes from the Reszel Baptismal Register Number E 462 = Rössel, Taufregister: MAI 1579-1653, kept in the Archive of the Warmian Archdiocese in Olsztyn. The majority of the examined appellations are names with a single motivation. These surnames are mainly derived from place names, from names of professions and from first names. Ten surnames have variants (alternatives). The surnames Arend (4) and Berndt (5) have the largest number of alternatives. The reasons for the occurrence of variants of the examined surnames include: d → dt → t, s → ß change, Polonisation of surnames, doubling of vowels and consonants without justification, simplification of the consonant group, and the change of diphthongs. Ten of the examined surnames had ceased to exist by the 18th century, while only nine were found in the 20th century.

Jacek SZCZEPANIAK, Multimodale Praktiken der Konstruktion von Emotionen in printmedialen Diskursen / Multimodal practices of the construction of emotions in print media discourses - 85

The aim of this paper is to present how emotions can be conceptualized as interindividual, intersemiotic entities, as relevant discourse factors, as "components of routinized, culturally standardized practice complexes" (Reckwitz, 2016, p. 173). Discourses, including mass media ones, are seen here as transtextual and transmodal entities that are sites of emergence, manifestation, or generation of emotions. The object of analysis are text-image conglomerates of print media communication (covers of Polish news magazines), which are examined with regard to their emotion or emotionalization potentials.

Anna DASZKIEWICZ, Der sprachliche Mischcode im urbanen Milieu und seine Vorläufer / Mixed language code in the large city environment and its antecedents - 99

The subject of this paper is a mixed variant of German which arose in large urban agglomerations with participation of mixed youth, indigenous German youth and youth of German lineage. The text outlines historical phenomena, and also linguistic theories which underlie and account for the diversity of mixed code with regard to the standard language.

Katarzyna KUKOWICZ-ŻARSKA, Emotionalisierung und wertende Prägung als immanente Bestandteile der Sportberichterstattung / Emotionalisation and evaluative features as inherent components of sports reporting - 115

This paper is devoted to the presence of emotions and evaluation in sports reports. The processes of statement emotionalisation, supported by appropriately selected evaluative linguistic measures make the focus of the considerations here. The aforementioned language strategies in sports reporting are treated as its intrinsic elements and are manifested both in the exhibition of the sender's emotions and opinions, as well as in striving to evoke specific emotions and reactions in the recipient. Football press releases, aimed at expressing and forming opinions, representing the text genre of sports commentary, served as illustrative material in the discussion. Attempts at influencing the recipient through intentional linguistic actions, and thus striving to obtain a desired response to the speech acts transmitted to him, are treated through the lens of the pragmatic category of persuasion.

Iryna VAINORENIE, Nataliya LEMISH, Сучасні методологічні принципи вивчення каузальної домінанти ЕФЕКТ у мовознавстві та процедура її зіставного дослідження / Contemporary Methodological Principles of Causal Dominant EFFECT Research in Linguistics and Procedure of its Contrastive Studying - 141

This paper deals with presentation of a complex of such contemporary methodological principles as anthropocentrism, anthropocosmism, epistemicity, expansionism, explanatority, functionalism, and collostructionism. Their employment in our linguistic research proved it being expedient in obtaining and interpreting the results of systematized and functional studying of the causal complex as a mental and logic construct with all its constituents (causal dominant EFFECT inclusive) in terms of the updated cognitive-semantic approach. The approbation of the proposed methodological procedure of contrasting the features of causal dominant EFFECT in English and Ukrainian opens possibilities of its application to other objects of the mentallogical plane.

Natalia PODLECKA, Proces apelatywizacji w ujęciu socjolingwistycznym na przykładzie eponimu “Karen” i jego funkcji w slangu amerykańskim / The process of appellativization in the sociolinguistic approach on the example of the eponym “Karen” and its function in American slang - 163

This work analyses the process of appellativisation of the “Karen” eponym functioning in American slang. The formation of inflected words may have various grounds and reasons, but in the case of the chosen example, we are dealing with a phrase that illustrates more than one sociological phenomenon. By examining the definition of the word “Karen”, it is possible to identify three spheres of American life that are subject to many tensions and emotional reactions. The first of them is the economic and social sphere, associated with high social stratification. Another is the problem of racial tolerance that is still present, especially the demonization of African Americans. The last element to be discussed is the pandemic and its impact on American society.

LANGUAGE TEACHING 

Anna KULIŃSKA, Online foreign language education during the COVID-19 pandemic – teachers’ perspective - 177

The pandemic that started in 2020 significantly influenced the situations of students and teachers, who stopped attending regular schools, with all classes happening online. Distant education itself transformed a lot, and the activities performed by teachers in autumn were definitely more advanced than those from the beginnings in spring. Teachers developed their ICT skills, and generally feel more comfortable teaching online. They notice some advantages of more systematic application of ICT and the distant form of education, however there are some drawbacks of it that cannot be easily overcome. 

LITERATURE AND CULTURE

Aleksandra SIKORA, The concept of paratextuality in literary genre Chick-lit - 195

This text is an analysis of the concept of paratext based on contemporary literature. In addition to the theoretical part concentrating on the idea of Gérard Genette, some information on the Chick-Lit genre appeared in the article. Among other things, genre characteristics, historical backgrounds and biographical notes of the authors of the analysed novels were described. Genette's theory clearly shows that an inseparable part of the book as a final product is its cover and what the reader finds on it. These are, among others, the title, abstract, of significance is also the colouring or even the location of the author's name. All these elements have been described in detail and analysed according Gérard Genette's concepts.

Paweł WOJCIECHOWSKI, Oglądanie poezji. Retrospektywa subiektywna / Viewing of poetry. A subjective retrospective - 209

The article displays the changing paradigm of the poetic word in the era of late modernity. In the current cultural moment of the tech-centric era, the word is not as powerful as it was throughout the earlier humanistic heritage and throughout the colossal achievements of human thought. The change I have accentuated here has initiated a major process of transfiguration of the word (not of its depreciation), the multidirectional implication of which is experienced by today’s culture. This article directs thought towards the postmodern linguistic innovation, the effect of which is cybernetic poetry. It captures the development of the innovatory project of the cybernetic “word”, which has now been challenged by traditional poetry. In regard to this matter, today’s definition of a cybernetic poet was presented, along with the video poetry, tangible and visual digital poetry, audio poetry and hypertext poetry created by the poet. The thoughts included in the text erect quite an intriguing and appealing idea of a precursory and alternative digital alphabet as a composite of ultra-modern poetry.

Onofrio BELLIFEMINE, “La scintilla della libertà”: il 1956 polacco nella pubblicistica italiana / “The spark of freedom”: the Polish 1956 in Italian press - 231

In 1956 Poland underwent significant political, cultural and social transformations. These are connected to the events that upset the PCUS and international communism after the denunciation of the crimes committed by Stalin during the 20^th Congress of the Party held in Moscow. Very important were: the emergence of a reformist current within the PZPR, the Poznan workers' revolt and its severe repression, the return to the party secretariat of Władysław Gomułka and the opening of a new political phase that will inspire the revolt in Budapest. These events received a great deal of attention in international public opinion. In the following essay we critically analyse how the Italian press reconstructed these facts, what interpretations were given on Poland and on the evolution of the political situation.

Karolina JANOWSKA, Mariusz HYBIAK, Il concetto di mimesi e la sua interpretazione nella letteratura / The concept of mimesis and its interpretation in literature - 251

Mimesis as a theoretical and literary term was already formed in antiquity. Attempts to define it have already been made by Plato in his dialogues, while it was only Aristotle in his congenial Poetics who formulated this topic in a way that became the basis for scientific discussions and inquiries, many of which continue to this day. Mimetic creativity dominated art for hundreds of years, reaching the peak of popularity at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (although earlier trends emerged and functioned that almost programmatically turned away from this creative path; an example could be art from the Romantic era with all its mystical aspects). In the 20th century, art began to change very dynamically, in a way following the incredibly fast industrial and technological development in Europe and around the world. This, in turn, resulted in the dynamic development of new trends, new ways of thinking about art.

REVIEWS

Artur ŚWIĄTEK, Recenzja książki Michaela Pace-Sigge pt. ‘The Function and Use of TO and OF in Multi-Word Units’, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, ss. 187 - 277

CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES

Renata MAJEWSKA, ¿Cómo ayudar a los estudiantes en la vuelta a la educación presencial después de la educación a distancia durante la pandemia? El papel de las actividades colectivas de interacción en los libros de texto de ELE seleccionados / How to help students in their return to schools after distance learning during the pandemic? The role of collective tasks based on interaction in selected textbooks of Spanish as a foreign language - 287

The aim of the article is to reflect upon the tasks which might help students in the crisis caused by the return to school after distance learning connected with the pandemic. To start with, the data presented concern both mental and physical well-being, as well as the needs of Polish secondary school students during the pandemic (distance learning and the return to schools). Next, the author analyses the place of textbooks during the return to schools and suggests the typology of team tasks facilitating this process, with a special emphasis on the ones which develop the oral interaction and are in accordance with the processual approach to writing. Furthermore, in the research part, the tasks analysed proposed in the four textbooks of Spanish as a foreign language, destined for students aged 15-19 years, in order to state to what degree, they may facilitate the return to schools and what kind of adjustment to this situation they need. Finally, the conclusions were presented.

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Ateneum Philological Forum, Special issue, No. 2(8)2020

"About words and meanings. Lexical-semantic and pragmatic aspects of language and communication"

Contents

Foreword - 5-6

Anna BĄCZKOWSKA, Ewa KOŚCIAŁKOWSKA-OKOŃSKA, Lexical analysis of readability of medical texts: the case of image reports and hospital discharge summaries - 7

This article presents a lexical analysis of two types of medical texts written in Polish: hospital discharge summaries and image reports. The aim of the analysis is to assess the readability of the medical texts under investigation and its importance in the process of translation. It was assumed that the language of discharge summaries should be relatively comprehensible for a layman (patient), so that he or she could understand the description of the diagnosis and follow the instructions provided by doctors regarding post-hospital measures (such as adherence to medication regime and recommended further medical examinations). Image reports are written by experts for experts, so it can be expected that the language used in image reports is highly specialized and barely comprehensible for a patient. The pilot study has demonstrated that the discharge summaries, contrary to our assumptions, turned out to be slightly less readable for an average reader (patient) than the image reports.

Katarzyna KUKOWICZ-ŻARSKA, Evaluation and Irony in Text in the Light of Speech Act Theory - 37

This article focuses on the issue of valuation and discusses the role and textual properties of irony in the light of speech act theory. The research material used for the analysis comes from the novel by Philip Kerr "March Violets", which is a representative of the historical detective novel genre. The article does not aim to criticize the book's translations, but focuses on the message itself, which, through them, reaches the recipient and makes a specific impression on him/her. This specific impression, evoked by said speech acts and thoughtfully encoded in the text, is subject to the analysis here. Sociolinguistic assumptions have been adopted as the basis for these considerations, which seems to be justified in so far as language within such analytical framework can be treated as a binder across social groups, nations, communities, and may, therefore, play a significant role both in shaping them, shaping their collective beliefs, ideas, and cultural norms.

Adam SZELUGA, On the role of the cultural code and its components in the process of constituting meaning in a foreign language - 57

The article analyses the notion of the so-called cultural code, understood as a complex interweaving of culturally and socially conditioned elements, through the prism of which we give (most often unconsciously) things and phenomena their particular meanings. The native language user acquires this code in the process of upbringing and socialisation in the society and during acquisition of the first language. However, the process of mastering a foreign language is subject to far greater constraints. Hence, the main problem addressed in the text is the issue of ‘learnability’ of the cultural code, which is specific for each language. Although the foreign-language specific elements have a negative impact on the processes of understanding and expressing the intended meanings in the foreign language, they can at the same time positively shape the awareness of native culture as well as the bi-cultural relations between the native and the foreign culture.

nna DASZKIEWICZ, Migration- and contact-derived youth language variant in tension between media and primary style use - 73

This paper addresses the language youth variant triggered by migration and contact. The focus is put on both the primary form of the so-called ethnolect as well as the media representation and its transgression to everyday register. The paper shows tendencies in contemporary spoken German and allows recognition of media-presented ethnolect with its primary form, and shows similarities and differences between the two.

Hanna JAŚKIEWICZ, The representation of Bavarian and Kansai dialects in contemporary literature and language ideologies in Germany and Japan - 85

This paper examines the representations of the Bavarian and Kansai dialects in contemporary German and Japanese literature in the light of the concept of language ideologies. First, I will present general objectives of sociolinguistic analysis of dialect representation in fictional texts. Next, I will discuss the connection between language standardisation process and social attitudes towards dialect on the example of two countries from different cultural circles: Germany and Japan. Finally, using methods derived both from linguistics and literature studies, I will examine dialect representations in selected contemporary novels in order to establish the influence of language ideologies.

Adam ŁUCZYŃSKI, Contemporary Polish language by seniors - 111

The aim of the article is to present older people's opinions on the contemporary Polish language and the changes occurring in it. The research material comes from a survey conducted in a group of 43 people aged 57 to 83. Older people show a keen interest in what is happening in today's Polish. This is confirmed by the results of the questionnaire as well as by the willing participation of respondents in the survey. Seniors react vividly to current phenomena taking place in the language. They are able to indicate them, evaluate and offer comments on them.

Karolina JANOWSKA, The words of Arabic origin in the Spanish language - 129

Words of Arabic origin make up quite a large group in Spanish. Due to historical and cultural conditions, these words entered the Spanish language in a natural way as a result of several hundred years of symbiosis between the Arab and Spanish nations in Andalusia. Along with the Arabs, a language other than the Romance languages appeared: Arabic, with various written and oral manifestations, which became an official language and also the language of culture. The language acted as a superstratum of Andalusian romance and astrato because it influenced it through sharing the geographical area with Spanish. With many mastering both forms of the language, Al-Andalus was a bilingual society until at least the 11th or 12th centuries. The echoes of this bilingualism are still present in Spanish in the form of words of Arabic origin.

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Ateneum Philological Forum, No. 1(8)2020

"Changes and Challenges"

Contents

Foreword - 5–6

LINGUISTICS

Lei CHUNYI, Antonio PAMIES, Shedding some light on the metaphors of light (a Spanish-Chinese linguo- cultural contrast) - 9

This paper compares Spanish and Chinese metaphoric lexical and phraseological units whose source domain is the opposition between light and shade. These units are collected, analysed and classified according to their figurative meanings. On the one hand, it is observed that several groups share the same target domains, such as FAITH vs. SIN, KNOWLEDGE vs. IGNORANCE, INTELLIGENCE vs. STUPIDITY, LEGITIMACY vs. CLANDESTINITY, and LIFE vs. DEATH among others. On the other hand, there are specific differences in the surface level of particular metaphors, but, mostly, striking coincidences at the more general level of linguo-cultural macromodels, taking into account the large linguistic and cultural gaps between the Spanish and the Chinese worlds.

Barbara SADOWNIK, Die kommunikativ-pragmatische Orientierung im Fremdsprachenunterricht und ihre theoretische Grundlegung – Kritik und Perspektiven aus glottodidiaktischer Sicht - 27

The aim of the paper is to discuss theoretical assumptions as well as point out strengths and weaknesses of the communicative-pragmatic approach to foreign language teaching. The author underlines the fact that pragmatics and the theory of speech acts by J. Austin and J. Searle, which emerged under the influence of the pragmatic approach in American philosophy, sociology and semiotics, as well as the theory of language games by L. Wittgenstein, the notion of communicative competence by D. Hymes and the theory of communicative action by J. Habermas all influenced the proponents of the pragmatic-communicative approach either directly or indirectly. The implementation of these theories, however, has not always been cautious and critical enough, which is exemplified by, for instance, overemphasizing fluency and communicative efficiency over morphosyntactic accuracy of speech. In other words, changing the role of communicative competence and downgrading the significance of linguistic competence in the foreign language teaching process. The author concludes that the essence of natural languages lies in their immanent structure rather than the communicative purposes they serve.

Mariola WIERZBICKA, Zum sprachlichen Ausdruck der Simultaneität. Eine Untersuchung zum Deutschen - 59

The paper discusses ways of expressing temporal relations of simultaneity in the German language. Although the relations can be expressed by participle phrases, noun phrases, prepositional phrases and infinitive phrases, the adverbial clause is the most frequent means of expressing the relations. The temporal adverbial clause has an almost unlimited range of application, which stretches from a vaguely hinted relation to absolute necessity, and from general statements and clarifications to definite emotionally motivated utterances. Wherever there is an obvious connection between facts, events, actions, relations as well as personal will and feeling, it can be expressed by means of a temporal structure. The subject of the paper is the influence of conjunctions während, als, wenn, seit(dem) and solange on the time arrangement of situations introduced into the time clause and the main clause with regard to morphological, syntactic and semantic elements and dependence on the relation of the correspondence between events in the time clause and events in the main clause in German.

Anna BĄCZKOWSKA, Ljiljana ŠARIĆ, Identity, impoliteness and integration in online immigration discourse - 75

The paper presents an analysis of the language used on the Internet (social media) by Poles living in Norway. Emphasis is placed on identity construction, integration and impoliteness strategies. The material presented in this study was retrieved from a corpus which was collected as part of a project devoted to national identity in immigration discourse. The method of analysis presented in this paper follows Culpeper’s (1996) taxonomy of impoliteness strategies. The data under inspection illustrate several types of positive and negative impoliteness. The results of the study demonstrate that the Polish diaspora in Norway is only partially integrated and that the language Poles use while writing both about the Norwegians and, in particular, about other Poles is imbued with insults, negative associations and derogatory nominations.

Beata PIECYCHNA, Cosmetic Translation Competence – A Theoretical Model and Implications for Translator Training - 101

In the last decade, cosmetic translation has become increasingly significant as the beauty and cosmetic industry has grown exponentially across the globe. The expansion of international cosmetic brands in many countries around the world necessitates commissioning competent, well-prepared translators, who are able to handle translation problems typical of various types of cosmetic translation, both specialized and those requiring skills specific to a more creative rendition. The main objective of this paper is to discuss a novel theoretical model of cosmetic translation competence, a type of translation which has so far not gained much popularity among translation scholars. The first part of this article offers a concise state of the art of the concept translation competence. Capitalizing on models of translation competence developed by PACTE (Process in the Acquisition of Translation Competence and Evaluation), TransComp and EMT (European Master’s in Translation), an original model of cosmetic translation competence is presented along with its sub-competencies. The second part of this article focuses on implications for teaching cosmetic translation. The paper concludes with general remarks pertaining to avenues for future research into cosmetic translation competence and its acquisition.

Michał Zbigniew DANKOWSKI, Marta JURGIELEWICZ, Narrativa populista en el pensamiento político de Evo Morales y Nicolás Maduro - 127

The beginning of the 21st century brought an increase in the importance of populist politicians in some Latin American countries. The most important representatives of contemporary Latin American populism are Evo Morales from Bolivia and Nicolás Maduro from Venezuela. The narrative used in their speeches determines the political doctrine of both presidents. Various quotes from the examined discourses, then assigned to the presented linguistic characteristics, leave no doubt that the narrative fits with populist ideas.

Karolina RUDNICKA, Lose one's life and lose one's job with singular they: two constructions, two regional varieties, many practical aspects of working with mega-corpora - 149

The paper compares the usage of singular they with two morphologically similar constructions in British and American English. The constructions in question are lose one’s life and lose one’s job. The results obtained suggest that singular they, at least used with the two constructions in focus of this work, seems to be more widely used in the American variety of English than in the British variety. An additional aim of this work is to present and discuss some practical aspects of working with mega-corpora. The work shows how and where quantitative language studies need to be accompanied by manual and qualitative investigations. The corpora used in this work are the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA).

Jarosław PACUŁA, Kilka uwag o polskim socjolekcie przestępczym z okresu XVIII w. (glosa do informacji z „Gazety Warszawskiej” z 1778 r.) - 163

The subject of the article is the vocabulary of Polish criminals from the 18th century. The author reached for a press release from 1778. This press release is one of the oldest credentials of the Polish criminal jargon. The text describes a court hearing and only mentions the existence of specific communication style between villains that the court had to face. The news from “Gazeta Warszawska” contains eighteen lexemes. The author of this article discusses these words – he indicates the etymology of these jargonisms and presents a continued existence of the vocabulary in Polish (in the 19th and 20th centuries). Some remarks on the provenance of jargon terms may raise doubts among readers. The author is aware of this. However, he considers it significant to bend over the form and semantics of the accumulated vocabulary – researchers often refer to this press release from the 18th century, but do not focus on the history of the vocabulary of Polish criminals.

Katarzyna KUKOWICZ-ŻARSKA, Wartościowanie i ironia w tekście w świetle teorii aktów mowy - 181

This article focuses on the issue of valuation and the presence and role of irony in text in the light of speech act theory. The research material used for the analysis comes from the novel by Philip Kerr "March Violets", which is a representative of the historical detective novel genre. The article does not aim to criticize the book's translations, but focuses its attention on the message itself, which, through them, reaches the recipient and makes a specific impression on him/her. This specific impression, evoked by said speech acts and thoughtfully encoded in the text, is subject to the analysis here. Sociolinguistic assumptions have been adopted as the basis for these considerations, which seems to be justified in so far as language within such analytical framework can be treated as a binder among social groups, nations, communities and may play a significant role both in shaping them, shaping their collective beliefs, ideas, and cultural norms.

Rafael de la Cruz LÓPEZ-CAMPOS BODINEAU, Die Aktionsart in der deutschen Sprache: Eine kategoriale Unterteilung - 199

The aim of this paper is to review some of the fundamental concepts concerning the widely discussed controversy on the mode of action in German. Specifically, the proposal articulates the traditional categories into two basic branches (actions of state / actions of change of state) subdividing the groups into the ingressive, durative and egressive dimensions of German verbs. The whole set is completed by an additional category called “iterative” which is shown by means of grammatical devices whose nature is not necessarily verbal.

Arkadiusz JANCZYŁO, The role of repetitions in Barack Obama’s speech and its Polish translation - 227

The paper presents an analysis of Barack Obama’s first presidential victory speech and its Polish translation. The analysis focuses on loss of repetitions in translation, resulting in modified meaning and effect of the original speech in the target text. Several theoretical vehicles are employed in the paper to explain how those shifts lead to loss in translation and, hence, affect Obama’s message: overt translation, functional equivalence and loss of materiality. The main motivation behind this paper was a desire to investigate ways in which the purpose that political discourse serves in the original language and socio-political context is handled in translation and to what ends.

Eduardo de ÁGREDA COSO, El modo verbal y las estructuras dialógicas asociadas a la pragmática como recurso dramatúrgico - 241

Dialogue and pragmatics are two widely connected spheres. On many occasions, they are interrelated in the creation of real discourse. Several of the structures most closely linked to the dialogic mode or dialogue are analysed in order to study their relationship with pragmatic definitions. Finally, the search for these exponents is broadened in some current plays written in the Spanish language, defining their type of use both in following up on pragmatic recommendations and in contesting them; as well as the analysis of these items as a dramaturgical resource.

Natalia PODLECKA, Individualism in the United States in the 19th Century in Terms of Sociolinguistics on the Example of Works by R. W. Emerson and H. D. Thoreau - 273

Individualism is today a part of the American identity. Due to the short history of the U.S. the American people were in need to create their own customs and traditions. That is why there are manifold philosophical and political writings involving the characteristics of an American and views on ideal versions of the young country. However different those views may be, there are motifs that repeatedly occur over time and individualism is one of the most popular themes. This research discusses the involvement of two representatives of the Transcendental Movement in the U.S., Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, in the formation of American ethos. The study is based on the analysis of the essay "Self-Reliance" by Emerson and fragments of Thoreau's book Walden and his essay "Civil Disobedience". Not only is the substance of the texts is analysed, but also the vocabulary choices and their possible consequences.

Svitlana MATVIEIEVA, Nataliya LEMISH, Terminological Aspects of a cognitive Structure REFUGEE / БІЖЕНЕЦЬ in modern legal Discourse - 287

The article deals with the cognition-defined approaches to understanding terms as complex structures enabling the conceptualization and verbalization of fragments of the worldview of professional social groups. The authors discuss aspects of the terminological meaning of the cognitive structure of REFUGEE / БІЖЕНЕЦЬ in the English and Ukrainian languages, the transformation of the meaning of modern legal terms and the evolution of their legal interpretation, as well as analyse historical and social grounds for such changes. Special attention is paid to the lexical item’s thesaurus links in the legal professional discourse which provide for the verbalization of the term in specific communicative situations.

Marta BIAŁEK, (Un)translatability. Onomastics in Olga Tokarczuk’s Primeval and Other Times - 299

Translating culture-specific elements proves to be a challenging task, obliging the translator to refer to his/her extratextual knowledge. Such a necessity is especially noticeable in the case of onomastics which constitutes a vital part of Olga Tokarczuk’s novel Primeval and Other Times. Its English translator, Antonia Lloyd-Jones, decided to adopt only a few of translation strategies for proper nouns specified by Andrew Chesterman, which in most instances bereft the source text of its complexity.

LANGUAGE TEACHING

Zdzisław ALEKSANDER, Wykorzystanie techniki swobodnych tekstów C. Freineta dla wspomagania rozwoju mowy i myślenia w języku obcym u studentów neofilologii - 315

In everyday practice, the university has a task of shaping the intellect and developing the mental culture of students. The creative and active character of a person's personality is manifested and shaped in the process of exteriorization and expression. Based on the concept of language and thinking, attention should be paid to the particular importance of verbal expression. The basis here is the hypothesis that thought is realized in a word. As we develop a language, we also increase opportunities for externalization and improvement of thought. The article emphasizes values of verbal expression and its role in the personal experience and assimilation of the world, in shaping creative attitudes. The author recommends linking creative work of neophilology students to the mastery of a foreign language with the formation of their intellect and humanistic attitudes. Such conditions enabling, on the one hand, the improvement and enrichment of language skills and, on the other hand, free expression of one's thoughts are created by learning based on the technique of free text developed by French educator C. Freinet. The article shows how the technique of free text can not only be an auxiliary element, but can become a starting point and crucial issue in the work on the practical mastery of a foreign language and intellectual development of students, as well as how to anchor the improvement of language skills in intelligence, dynamics and expression of future language teachers.

Anna KULIŃSKA, Students’ motivation in distant education - 325

Students’ motivation directly influences their involvement in learning and the results they achieve. The teaching-learning process should include activities that address not only extrinsic factors, but also strengthen students’ intrinsic motivation, and reflect the dynamic character of the phenomenon. The research conducted illustrates students’ motivation to learn English in the period of distant education and their perception of learning particular aspect of the language.

Alberto REGAGLIOLO, La tragedia greca per bambini - 345

Children at eight / nine years old do not have yet a complete and clear idea of the death; nevertheless, one way to approach them to reflect on this sensitive issue can be through literature, in particular with the Greek tragedy. Introducing the Greek tragedy already in primary school inevitably brings the child closer to the theme of the education of death and loss as well as addresses the issue of suffering. However, it is necessary to identify within the classical repertoire of Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus some positive characters who can guide children in understanding some adapted tragic moments. Institutions, teachers and associations are essential in accompanying children on this journey to discover death and mourning through the school curriculum and other alternative activities. Some teaching possibilities fall within multisensory, experiential and playful education. Here a proposal is presented by analyzing some elements of the Antigone tragedy to be put into practice in primary school.

LITERATURE AND CULTURE

Paweł WOJCIECHOWSKI, Andersen i Carofiglio. Literacko-filozoficzny portret człowieka i miasta - 363

The text presents selected images of Italian cities present in the novels of Hans Christian Andersen and Giacomo Carofiglio. Rome, Naples, Amalfi, Pompeii, and Bari were read here from two perspectives: bucolic and pessimistic, which allowed to recreate the authors' attitude towards the cultural phenomenon of the city. It was emphasized that the authors writing in the two early centuries: the nineteenth (Andersen) and the twenty-first (Carofiglio) – read the cities of Italy in parallel through experiences of individual sensuality, sensitivity, contemplation and perception. Literature material was also interpreted in the context of the philosophies of Pascal, Bergson, Nietzsche and Deleuze.

Hieronim CHOJNACKI, „Tłumacz między kulturami” – o Macieju Zarembie-Bielawskim - 379

The paper refers to this trend of hermeneutics, whose representatives understand the interpretation as "articulated understanding". The texting, including paraphrase, the translation of someone else's language, is a prerequisite for the existence of cultural space, so that a critical view and cognitive verification of another narrative is possible. In the case of Maciej Zaremba, we are dealing with a reporter who writes Swedish about Swedes as an outsider, that is – keeping the distance and ability to see what the Swedes do not want or cannot see with their own eyes. It explores the areas of action of the "Swedish norm", visible from the outside, invisible "from the inside", just as the recognition of otherness and a peculiar value of some culture is possible for foreigners. Natives themselves are not able to recognize their standards (also assess) without the participation of outsiders. For Zaremba, writing is an act of disagreement with the uncritical acceptance of otherness, while using critical negation language and analytical tools with a more conceited intention than an overtly damning one. In this new incarnation, the author himself calls himself a "translator between cultures", whose strength lies in the fact that he has retained the ability to marvel, to expand his imagination and to seek new language means, to clearly separate facts from opinions. It is a vision of a man building a bridge between two cultures, and his ideal is subjects of resistance and non-toxic communication standards are his ideal.

Yuliia KALIUZHNA, Витоки формування уявлення про концепт у філософії Людвіга Вітгенштейна - 395

The article attempts to investigate the origins of the idea of concept in the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and attempts to apply the theoretical work of L. Wittgenstein in combination with literary and linguistic techniques and methods of analysis to consider concepts and their elements in literary works. The author revealed the possibility of embodying the multidimensional interaction of different conceptospheres in the work of fiction literature, and also revealed differences between the national and the author's concepts. Keywords: concept, conceptosphere, picture of the world, inoculture, "language game", "natural language", author's concept, national concept

Milena LESZMAN, A Question of Identity in the Life and Works of Sat-Okh (Long Feather) - 417

Sat-Okh (Stanisław Supłatowicz) was an Indian-Polish writer who popularised the culture of North American Indigenous People in Poland during the Cold War and afterwards. His incredible biography evokes questions about the nature of his identity. Born of an Indian chief and a Polish mother around 1922 in the territory of Alberta, Sat-Okh grew up as a Shawnee. When his mother decided to return to Poland, he followed, but until his death in Gdańsk in 2003, Sat-Okh consistently identified with his Indigenous heritage. During WWII he escaped from a train to Auschwitz and joined the AK (The Home Army). He became famous for numerous books and short stories about his life with the Indians, which were translated into many languages. He was also strongly involved in the Polish-Indian Movement and promoted the culture of his native ancestors. This paper aims to present the life and work of Sat-Okh with regard to his mysterious identity. Recently, there has been some doubt whether Sat-Okh's biography is genuine. However, I would like to argue that Long Feather's phenomenon proves the fact that regardless of whether he was a true Shawnee or not, Sat-Okh chose to identify himself as Indian and consistently presented himself as one. He taught Poles about Indian traditions and gained a tremendous respect which has lasted until today.

REVIEWS

Paweł WOJCIECHOWSKI, „(E)migrantki”. Recepcja poezji Polek mieszkających w Szwecji. Recenzja: Antologia polskiej poezji w Szwecji. Głosy poetek, red. E. Teodorowicz-Hellman, Stockholm, 2020 - 429

Review: Antologia polskiej poezji w Szwecji. Głosy poetek, wprowadzenie, wybór, opracowanie Ewa Teodorowicz-Hellman, Stockholm Slavic Papers 29, Stockholms Universitet Institutionen för Slaviska och Baltiska Språk, Finska, Nederlänska och Tyska, 2020, ss. 298.

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Ateneum Philological Forum, No. 1(7)2019

"Domains and Contexts"

Contents 

(1-6) Foreword - 5

LINGUISTICS

Anna BĄCZKOWSKA, Readability and lexical sophistication of colon cancer websites – a corpus-assisted assessment of online educational materials for patients - 9

The aim of this paper is to check whether the information for colon cancer patients available on top websites devoted to this disease is comprehensible for the readers or whether, due to high saturation with special medical terms, it is beyond the recommended readability level of an average internet user. Two main criteria of analysis were involved in the study: readability and lexical sophistication. The methods used in the study include 8 readability tests (ARI, Colemen-Liau, New Dale-Chall, Flesch-Kincid, Fry, Gunning Fog, Raygor Estimate, and SMOG), TAALES software and Lexical Complexity Analyser used to examine syntactic and lexical parameters of texts, and a corpus-assisted web-based tool used for lexical sophistication called VocabProfile. The study has shown that none of the 30 websites under scrutiny meets the demand of the recommended readability level, and that higher lexical sophistication involves a lower readability level.

Olga BRONIŚ, Inventari consonantici dell’italiano e del polacco a confronto - 27

The goal of the present paper is to offer a comparative study of the consonantal phonological inventories of Italian and Polish. The first discrepancy between the two languages discussed in the paper is related to the fact that some Polish and Italian phonemes do not have any correspondents in the other language. The second issue addressed in this work is the fact that some Italian segments seem very similar to selected Polish sounds, and yet, as the paper shows, in some cases substantial differences need to be noted. The last issue presented in the paper concerns selected properties of Italian and Polish geminates.

Tomasz CISZEWSKI, Metrical conditioning of word-final devoicing in Polish - 43

The present paper investigates a segmental phenomenon traditionally referred to as word-final obstruent devoicing in Polish. It is generally assumed that the context in which it applies is solely related to the absolute word-final position before silence. By inference, full voicing of a wordfinal obstruent is retained only when (i) it is followed by a voiced segment (a vowel or a consonant) in an utterance or when (ii) it is appended with a suffix which begins with a vowel. In this research a different group of factors which trigger the process is explored, namely the position of the obstruent within the metrical foot. If, as argued by Harris (2009), noninitial position within the foot is a typical lenition site (contrary to Iverson and Salmons 2007) and if devoicing is regarded as a special manifestation of lenition (through information loss, similarly to vowel reduction), a purely segmental (contextual) conditioning for voicing retention in obstruents word-finally cannot be maintained.

Anna DASZKIEWICZ, Fake News als soziolinguistisches Phänomen - 59

This paper addresses the socio-linguistic phenomenon of fake news. The emphasis is put on the premises, impact, perception, reception, and further functioning of purposefully falsified information. The text provides both a theoretical basis as well as practical fields of its application.

Arkadiusz JANCZYŁO, A Linguistic Analysis of Cultural Content in French-English Translation of a Yoghurt Commercial - 75

Advertising translation is a multifaceted practice which poses specific challenges for translators that extend beyond sheer linguistic competence of the professionals involved in the process. Cross-cultural awareness and sensitivity are called for when dealing with translating commercial matter internationally and interculturally. This paper presents a comparative analysis of a TV commercial of natural yoghurt and its representation in two languages. The advert was originally created in French, subsequently translated and dubbed in English by a French-accent English speaker. The English version deviates slightly linguistically and culturally from its French counterpart. The notions of explicitation, equivalence, adaptation and localisation applied in this paper provide grounds for analysis of a range of translation decisions and strategies which allow to achieve similar advertising pragmatic effects as well as add extra dimensions that are absent in the source text.

Sławomir KOWALEWSKI, Medienlinguistische Analyse der Kommunikation in Livestreams von Computerspielen - 85

The main goal of this article is to linguistically analyse the livestream of computer games. The study has interdisciplinary nature – it is based mainly on media linguistics instruments. However, the paper also refers to certain aspects of text linguistics and, to a large degree, semiotics of multimodality. Livestreams are a relatively new media phenomenon and thus for linguists are unexplored and demand research. The following article will attempt to define as precisely as possible the concept of 'text' and 'medium' in a linguistic context. Furthermore, media information transfer during livestream will be analysed. Particular emphasis will be placed on to what extent the message and reception are supported by the phenomena of pluriand intermediality. The analysis is based on screenshots from the Internet platform Twitch.

Katarzyna KUKOWICZ-ŻARSKA, Zur Wirkung der Worte. Sprachliche Bewertungsmittel als Indikatoren der Wortkraft in der emotionsbezogenen NS-Sprache - 105

The subject of this publication is to investigate the power of words in a text and language in the context of evaluation. The author focuses on emphasizing the role of evaluation in the text and the relationship between the evaluation process and accompanying and/or resultant emotions. The evaluative language measures applied in the text under analysis are addressed on the basis of the strongly emotional German language of the National Socialism era. The paper pays particular attention to the influence of emotions, emotionally influenced language and the socio-cultural context on the recipient and his/her mental responses as well as his/her verbal and physical actions. Actions implemented through the text are perceived here through the prism of universal values, as well as through the prism of specific evaluative methods relevant to the applied evaluative language means.

Rafael de la Cruz LÓPEZ-CAMPOS BODINEAU, Deutsche Präpositionen als Träger von lexikalischen Informationen. Eine Segmentierung nach lexikalischen Autonomiekriterien - 123

This article is related to the study of the semantic load of the lexical category of prepositions. German prepositions, as in most Anglo-Germanic languages, are especially productive in the framework of two very specific syntactic functions: circumstantial complement and prepositional complement. Traditionally, in the context of the first one some type of semantic load is conferred on them, especially in cases where opposition pairs are available, while in the context of the second function they usually talk about uses of a purely conventional type with little lexical motivation. Through this article the possibility of relativizing this approach will be considered, and, thus, highlighting cases of prepositions with hardly any lexical load within the framework of a function as circumstantial complement, and, in the same way cases of prepositions with some kind of semantic value in the framework of the function as a repositional complement.

Katarzyna MAJDZIK PAPIĆ, Od męki translacji do piekła logosu. O przekładzie w „Przekładzie” Pabla De Santisa - 143

The article presents how the novel The Translation by Pablo De Santis reffers to the most important concepts of theory and philosophy of translation. Among these concepts the most significant are those which consider the boundaries and mechanisms of interpretation in the act of translation. These ideas are metaphorically expressed by the myth of the fall of the Tower of Babel. The interpretative context for the novel by De Santis is determined by the works of Jacques Derrida, Julia Kristeva and Hans-Georg Gadamer. An important research problem is also the relationship between the category of translation and the hybrid genre of the crime novel by De Santis.

Svitlana MATVIEIEVA, Критерії відбору та первинна обробка емпіричного матеріалу паралельного корпусу юридичних текстів - 167

The article deals with the formation of criteria for the primary selection of legal texts for the English-Ukrainian parallel corpus of legal texts. The author has developed a classification of legal texts on the basis of the style and text genres, taking into account the types of legal acts, and makes an attempt to combine legal and linguistic characteristics applicable to the classification of legal documents. The article proposes the structure of the metadata card for corpus texts (original and translation), which are tested on text samples. The need for metatext data and extra-linguistic information for working with corpus texts is substantiated in the article.

Mariia ONYSHCHUK, Rendering stylistically marked units in the novel Depeche Mode by Serhiy Zhadan: a comparative study - 183

The study analyzes lexemes and word combinations of colloquial style, slang and low colloquial language, performs their comparative analysis at word level, looks into the transformational patterns that the structures undergo during literary translation into English and Russian, and discusses the advantages and flaws of the applied translation strategies through suggesting adequate translation solutions. In the article, the argument is made that the translation strategies of substandard lexis reflect the interdisciplinary nature of expressive meaning and connotation which can be conveyed differently through various language levels during literary translation.

Marian SZCZODROWSKI, Fremdsprachliche Lehr-Lern-Prozesse und Kommunikationsprozesse - 203

The issues presented in this article do not only refer to the substantive aspects of processes of teaching, learning and communication, but also to their close connections in teaching foreign languages. Therefore, on the one hand, the course of teaching and learning is viewed separately, and, on the other hand, their inseparable unity is established. Learning new perceptual foreignlanguage structures is seen as a multi-stage process which takes place not only in decoding but also in the construction of matrices in the foreign-language storage mechanism. All foreignlanguage activities relating to teaching and learning are based on communication, which runs parallel to glotto-didactic processes. Thus, the following results emerge for learners: known information structures function as means of communication and understanding, while new structures function as means of communication and teaching and learning.

Adam SZELUGA, Was kann moderne Linguistik für die Fremdsprachendidaktik leisten? Ausgewählte Aspekte - 213

The article deals with the most important relations between Foreign Language Didactics and the main theoretical models in modern linguistics, especially the Applied Linguistics of second- and foreign-language teaching. Theories and models of modern linguistics have often laid the theoretical foundations of foreign language teaching, as we can observe in the individual methods and learning techniques (from structuralism to generative grammar, communicativepragmatic turn of the 60s and 70s, cognitive linguistics and to F. Grucza's anthropocentric theory of languages). In this perspective, the purpose of this article is to raise and discuss the question of how modern linguistic theories can improve the effectiveness of language teaching.

Mariola WIERZBICKA, (Zeit)Befindlichkeit und partieller Gleichlauf in der Sprache. Eine Untersuchung zum Deutschen - 227

The paper discusses ways of expressing the temporal relations of partial simultaneity in adverbial clauses in the German language. Although the relations can be expressed by participle phrases, noun phrases, prepositional phrases and infinitive phrases, the adverbial clause is the most frequent means of expressing the relations. The temporal adverbial clause has an almost unlimited range of applications, which stretches from vaguely hinted relation to absolute necessity, and from general statements and clarifications to definite emotionally motivated utterances. Wherever there is an obvious connection between facts, events, actions, relations as well as personal will and feeling, it can be expressed by means of a temporal structure. The subject of the paper is the influence of conjunctions während, als, wenn, seit(dem) and solange on the time arrangement of situations introduced into the time clause and the main clause with regard to morphological, syntactic and semantic elements and dependence on the relation of the correspondence between events in the time clause and events in the main clause in German.

LANGUAGE TEACHING

Zdzisław ALEKSANDER, Merytoryczne, psychopedagogiczne i dydaktyczne aspekty kształcenia nauczycieli języków obcych. Rozważania teoretyczne z aneksem empirycznym - 243

When looking at the relationship between substantive education and the pedagogical background of a teacher (foreign language teacher included) there has been an eternal disagreement both in the academia, as well as among prospective employers. The most essential controversy pertains to the degree of expertise a teacher should possess in the field they teach versus how much psycho-pedagogical and educational knowledge they should have and the mutual relationship of the two. Another area of dispute and debate within the teachers’ education specialism seems to occur between two parties: proponents of theoretical research and the narrow circle of practical education advocates. The empirical annex, which points to the level of vocational preparation of a language teacher, focuses on the choice of didactic activities, the quality of their execution, and the working conditions which are under a teacher’s control.

Alicja FREDO, Henryk OLSZEWSKI, Cognitive functioning of monolingual and bilingual adolescents: attention, semantic memory and self-efficacy - 257 

This paper aims to discuss the impact of being monolingual or bilingual on cognitive functioning of an individual as well as its influence on their self-efficacy. The literature review points to certain trends in adults’ functioning; however, the study based on young adults and adolescents still displays avenues for elaborating on new correlations. There is a proven relation between cognitive processes and bilingualism; however, their relation to self-efficacy is still to be determined. In the study, adolescents were examined by means of three psychological tools focusing on attention span, verbal fluency and self-efficacy. In spite of the fact that major correlations appeared relatively similar, we observed certain correlations within some of the variables after conducting an in depth analysis of the results in the respective section.

Anna KULIŃSKA, Upgrading the language learning and teaching process for Zees - 267 

The modern student is surrounded by technology, which results in their both social behaviours and their learning habits. Research indicates that although the attention span of modern reaches much lower levels than with previous generations, their ‘bursts’ of attention are more frequent and also their connecting and encoding abilities are more efficient. These changes in their cognitive functions should be answered by the adaptation if the teaching process in order to minimise the negative consequences of shorter attention span and maximise their potential.

Renata MAJEWSKA, Los marcos fundamentales de la integración en el sistema educativo AICLE (CLIL). Parte 2: La perspectiva del professor - 281

The article constitutes the second part of a series of articles pertaining to the basic perspectives of integration in CLIL educational system. At the beginning, the author’s original concept of four perspectives of integration in CLIL was presented, ordered according to the student’s perspective, the present didactic and pastoral perspective, i.e. the teacher’s. In the subsequent part of the article the author discusses in detail the second perspective, as well as indicates the main aspects of didactic integration in CLIL: (1) by terminology, (2) by discourse, (3) by higher order processing tasks, (4) by intercultural comparison, (5) by authentic materials’ scaffolding. Finally, the conclusions are presented.

Katarzyna PAPAJA, Artur ŚWIĄTEK, Kamil MIELNIK, Deep learning (pogłębianie procesu uczenia się) z perspektywy analizy potrzeb studentów języka angielskiego jako obcego - 301

Although the term Deep Learning does not seem to be a new term in language learning, it attracted relatively little attention until just a few years ago. Different fields of study show that Deep Learning leverages a sophisticated process to learn multiple levels of abstraction from the data; however, in languages, the term has been widely accepted as the key concept in the transformation and personalisation of the learning process. In this paper, we take the definition of Deep Learning, and we corroborate the theories by use of the study which aims to assess the needs of students in the context of language exercises, resources as well as tools and modern technological solutions. A proper understanding of Deep Learning is necessary to examine the potential benefits for students and the broadly defined society. Therefore, the essence of the research is to obtain the answers to what is important in the education of modern foreign languages and also what the teacher’s role is. A quantitative study was conducted on 441 students of English Philology. The results of the needs analysis of foreign language students allow for a greater understanding of their expectations towards themselves and their teachers; additionally, to answer the question about what kind of education recipients they are and whether they are active participants in the whole educational process.

LITERATURE AND CULTURE

Karolina JANOWSKA, Amor udrí – la poesía cortesana árabe en la Península Ibérica - 323

The poetry of Arab-Andalusian poets is a bridge between Eastern and Western culture. Its roots date back to the sixth century, when the first Bedouin songs resounded in the limitless areas of the Arabian desert. His echoes resounded in the poetry of Provençal troubadours. Traces of this poetry can be found in the works of Renaissance poets, including Petrarc. Elements of Andalusian poetry were also visible in the poetry of the Spanish court since the 16th century. The characteristic poetic forms still appeared in 20th century poetry – at least one of the most outstanding Spanish poets, Federico Garcia Llorca, reached for it. Its greatest prosperity was in the 10th and 11th centuries, and among the outstanding Andalusian poets were both men and women. The main motive of this poetry was unfulfilled love, which remained the dominant element of modern European court poetry.

Barbara MICELI, “A cancer on the planet”: Mountaintop Removal and Environmental Crime in Jonathan Franzen’s Freedom - 343

The American novelist Jonathan Franzen has always shown a great interest for the environmental problems, mainly in his masterpiece Freedom (2011) and in the essay “My Bird Problem” (2005). Freedom, which recounts three decades of the Berglund family, sees its main character dealing with the environmental themes for his work. Walter is a lawyer who is actively engaged in environmental causes, but the one that occupies most of the novel, is the support of an organization called “Cerulean Mountain Trust”, which aims at saving the cerulean warblers, a small species of songbird, creating a “birds’ sanctuary” in West Virginia. The honorable cause is actually moved by Vin Haven, a Texan millionaire tycoon who wants to implement an extractive coal strip mining operation and afterwards build the birds’ sanctuary as a remedial move. The aim of this paper is to analyze the novel to extract Franzen’s fictional depiction of actual environmental crimes in order to shed light on harmful practices such as the mountaintop removal.

Grzegorz MOROZ, Provençal Landscapes in Aldous Huxley’s Fiction and Non-Fiction - 357

The paper focuses on the analysis of different ways in which Aldous Huxley chose to represent Provençal landscapes in his novels, such as Eyeless in Gaza or Time Must Have a Stop, as well as in his essays, such as “Music at Night” or “The Olive Tree”. The analytical tools which have been developed by scholars of the so called ‘spatial turn’ have been used (particularly the notion of ‘polysensory landscapes’), while Huxley’s representations of Provence are considered in the context of Aldous Huxley’s biography and the political situation in France in particular and in the world in general in the 1930s.

CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES

Tymon ZIELIŃSKI, Izabela KOTYŃSKA-ZIELIŃSKA, Ewa PIECHOWSKA, Sustainable Development-utopia or our chance? Some thoughts on how to promote the SDG idea. Polish case study - 371

In this work we discuss the importance of the application of sustainable development goals (SDGs) to all aspects which are related to the ocean. We argue that the ocean is interconnected and processes which are related to the ocean have direct impact on all SDGs, and any action undertaken within any of the SDGs will have an impact on the ocean. We believe that widely understood education of societies can ensure the proper understanding and hence implementation of the sustainable development idea throughout the world.

About autors - 381

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Ateneum Philological Forum, No. 1(6)2018

"Search and Research"

Contents 

(1-8) Foreword - 5

LINGUISTICS

Mercedes ARRIAGA FLOREZ, Daniele CERRATO, Alessia DELLA ROCCA, Interlinguistic crosses and transextuality in María Rosal - 11

The objective of this article is to analyse the different textual strategies with which María Rosal Nadales makes a transtextual construction in her anthology "Al este del andén". The use of this technique responds to different reasons: the active role that is assigned to the reader and the playful character in which the writing is framed, the tribute to and poetic concordance with other authors, the surprise effect and the irony, the postmodern fusion of classical culture and popular culture and, finally, the ethical-aesthetic commitment to point out contradictions, create new metaphors and encourage the reader's reflection together with new ways of thinking, especially around the figure of the woman poet and the representation of the female body.

Marzena GUZ, Niemieckie ślady w reportażach Melchiora Wańkowicza z tomu „Anoda i katoda”. Reportaże z części „Kraj lat dziecinnych” w perspektywie leksykalnej - 23

The subject of the study is German traces in Melchior Wańkowicz’s reportages published in the “Anoda i katoda” [“The Anode and Cathode”] series, in the part titled “Kraj lat dziecinnych” [The Land of Childhood]. This paper presents the vocabulary of German origin and Polish vocabulary referring to Germany and discusses common words and proper names, mostly of German origin, including quotations and lexis more or less assimilated in the Polish language. Appellatives are classified into parts of speech. The prevailing group of proper names comprises surnames, divided into two groups: German surnames and Polonised surnames. Another issue discussed in this article refers to the ways in which the presented vocabulary underwent Polonisation. Additionally, an interesting question is why the author, born in the Russian partition territory, uses so many words related to Germany. Wańkowicz refers to history, which justifies lexical items of German provenance, e.g. Ober-Ost. The presence of numerous surnames of German origin may result from Wańkowicz’s memories, e.g. Gebethner and Wolff are publishers of his story for children, and the surname Einstein is referred to in relation to Warsaw. As for the presence of appellatives, they were probably well-assimilated and frequently used, since most of them are not distinguished in any way in the text by the author. Some of the above-quoted Germanisms (appellatives and proper names) were Polonised in terms of vowels and consonants and through the application of Polish wordforming suffixes.

Arkadiusz JANCZYŁO, In search of image manipulation mechanisms in a public person’s speech interpretation – a case study - 37

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of a public person’s speech with its language and translation, and the way they can be manipulated to create a public image. As a public person, Lech Wałęsa has been subject to public scrutiny politically and ideologically ever since he became involved in public affairs as a trade union member and activist. Later, as a presidential candidate in the first democratic presidential election in post-communist Poland which he won in 1990, his publicity soared. Consequently, with his popularity came a heavier price of fame; he was subjected to strong criticism, and the way he spoke became a source of jokes and mocking nationwide. Public image is what others receive and read us by. It is an amalgamation of several factors – language being one of the major ones in creating one’s identity.

Agnieszka ŁAZOR, Influencia de las lenguas prerromanas en la lengua española - 47

Before the romanisation, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited communities speaking distinct languages with Latin used as their official language. However, the contact of local languages with Latin has left the residue preserved in modern Spanish. This work will present certain features of Spanish which may be attributed to the influence of pre-Roman languages.

Katarzyna KUKOWICZ-ŻARSKA, O wartościowaniu i prawdzie w języku i tekście. Język narodowego socjalizmu w perspektywie językoznawczej i socjokulturowej - 61

The subject of this publication are linguistic means of evaluation in the text and language, discussed on the basis of the German language of national socialism. The text and its role are perceived here through the prism of values in a universal context, and perhaps first of all through the prism of linguistic means of evaluation represented in it. As ratings are usually assigned to selected elements of reality created with language in order to not only reflect one’s attitude towards these elements but also to implicitly effect a given or desired mental or physical reaction in the recipient of the language message, it should not be surprising that the language of national socialism is examined here in the linguistic and sociocultural perspective. The combination of national values important for the whole community and the official interpretation of truth and non-truth was a priority in the national socialist era. This article deals with the problem related to the interpretation of appropriate situations and their meanings considered as correct from the perspective of the language of values and issues related to manipulation and persuasion.

Melisa MARAS, Egzotyzacja i domestykacja w polskim tłumaczeniu powieści „Harry Potter i Kamień Filozoficzny” J. K. Rowling - 87

The aim of the paper is to answer the question what was the Andrzej Polkowski’s intent of using domestication and foreignisation strategies in indigenous Harry Potter series translation. Selected fragments of the novel are referring to the widely understood ‘food’ category and are compared in terms of language and culture. It is known that the Polish translator extends (but does he always domesticate?) the world presented in the novel to the reader’s country. However, it is really ambigious, how these extensions affect the interpretation of Polish recipient.

Dorota SKOWROŃSKA, Constructed Languages of Hildegard of Bingen and Suzzette Haden Elgin. Female Empowerment through Language? - 101

Since constructed languages have recently been brought into focus by their prominent presence in film and television production, they have also become more attractive for academic research: several compendia, monographs, and articles have been published on the topic of classification and analysis of conlangs. Glossopoeia of Hildegard of Bingen and Suzette Haden Elgin is unique among the plethora of constructed languages in several aspects: elusive classification, unusual lexical focus, high level of completeness, and female authorship. The article investigates possible classifications of lingua ignota and Láadan, and their grammatical, lexical, and phonological characteristics. It also aims to establish the success of the languages measured against their goal stated or implied by their inventresses and the objectives generally set for constructed languages.

Agata ZAPŁOTNA, La vitalità del congiuntivo nel linguaggio televisivo - 113

The purpose of the article is to examine the relationship between television language and spoken Italian, applying the problem of the subjunctive as a reference point, frequently replaced by the indicative in colloquial contexts. Despite the fact that television language is now considered a reflection of Italian varieties and spoken-spoken language, there is still a heterogeneous language of the type transmitted. As such, it constitutes a set of various styles and registers, characterized by different linguistic phenomena from those of unattended speech. The effect of the study is to show that although in the field of Italian diametric varieties television language has more in common with spoken than written Italian, the dynamics of the processes that take place in both are still not the same.

LANGUAGE TEACHING

Anna HERRA, Anna KULIŃSKA, The role of feedback in the process of learning English as a foreign language - 127

The aim of the paper is to answer the question of what is the role of Feedback in the process of learning English as a foreign language. Feedback is an important element of student-teacher interaction in the classroom. Even experienced teachers admit that it is beneficial to put oneself in the student’s position in order to understand their individual needs, and hence adjust the instruction, assessment and feedback moves to aid language acquisition. Since errors are an unavoidable part of the learning process and teachers feel compelled to address students’ spoken errors, it seems significant to consider how the learners perceive the feedback they receive.

Karolina JANOWSKA, Evolución de la metodologia de la enseñanza de las lenguas extranjeras - 145

This article reviews the evolution of the most popular methods of teaching foreign languages in Europe. The history of language teaching was marked by continuous methodological changes resulting from the search for an ideal teaching method and various language currents and psychological approaches prevailing at the time of their occurrence. This discipline went through various stages, the most significant of which took place in the twentieth century, to develop a new method for more effective learning, which led to the development of a methodology that would provide clarification of answers to questions raised in the field of language learning. In recent years, what has been distinguished is a task-based language teaching field that provides students with ideal opportunities for developing communication skills and effective learning.

Janusz KAWKA, Identyfikacja i klasyfikacja błędów językowych na lektoracie języka niemieckiego - 159

Knowledge of foreign languages constitutes one of the key competencies amongst graduates of the Bachelor of Economics. In the era of globalisation, the importance of a high level of proficiency in foreign languages has become self-evident. The empirical part of this article is devoted to the analysis of the most common language mistakes committed by first-year students of the B1 group of Marketing and Management at the University of Economics in Krakow. A portion of the final exams submitted by a group of 13 students has been analyzed. The study focuses on the identification and classification of errors and presents the frequency distribution, as percentages, of errors in individual categories. The author's intention is not to indicate the causes of errors and their assessment, but to present the problems faced by students of the Bachelor of Economics, who learn ‘business language’, which a specialism within the German language studies. The results of the study might act as a starting point for the development of appropriate educational materials to support the process of teaching a wide variety of German language courses.

Renata MAJEWSKA, Autonomia w klasach dwujęzycznych: sprawozdanie z badań jakościowych - 171

The aim of the article is to reflect on the autonomy development in the CLIL context in Poland. The research question is: How does the task-oriented didactics – using the example of comparison – influence the development of learners’ personal communicative competence in the conditions of semi-autonomy in the CLIL system? The article constitutes a short qualitative research report with the description of its educational context and theoretical background related to autonomy in CLIL. It also presents aims of the research, its course, the data collection techniques, as well as analysis and general conclusions.

Katarzyna WALKOWSKA, Interkulturelles Lernen und Lehren im Fremdsprachenunterricht – warum, wozu und wie? - 187

The aim of this article is to discuss the problem of intercultural competence and communication. The author wants to draw attention to the phenomenon of the concept of culture and its role in the process of developing intercultural communication and intercultural competence.

CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES

Marta ZUBACZ, Maurizio BONINO, La leggenda del regno del Prete Gianni - 205

The reign of Prester John (Prete Gianni), one of the most interesting legends of the Middle Ages, can ignite the imagination even today. It is not surprising that the eyes and hearts of the monarchs and popes were facing east, where they sought their legendary kingdom characterized by unimaginable power, wealth, miracles and at the same time a pure Christian life.

REPORTS

Dorota SKOWROŃSKA, Report on the Language Show, London, 9-11 November 2018 - 225

About autors - 229

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Scientific Committee

Forum Filologiczne Ateneum - Ateneum Philological Forum

ISSN 2353-2912 (print) / ISSN 2719-8537 (online)

A point ranked journal - 40 points - included in the list of ranked scientific journals of 1 December 2021 position 29827 with awarded 40 points.

Before: A point ranked journal (20 points) included in the list of ranked scientific journals of 18 February 2021 position 29827, and of 18 December 2019 position 27730.

Editor-in-chief, Scientific editor

Dr Katarzyna Kukowicz-Żarska, Prof A-ANS, Ateneum-University (Poland)

Scientific Committee

Prof. Mercedes Arriaga Florez, Universidad de Seville (Spain)
Dr hab. Anna Bączkowska, prof. UG, Uniwerytet Gdański (Poland)
Dr Daniele Cerrato, Universidad de Seville (Spain)
Dr hab. Tomasz Ciszewski, prof. UG, Uniwerytet Gdański (Poland)
Prof. Isabel Fernandes Silva, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa (Portugal)
Prof. Desmond Graham, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne (United Kingdom)
Prof. dr hab. Henryk Kardela, Uniwersytet M. Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie (Poland)
Prof. Nataliya Lemish, National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv (Ukraine)
Prof. Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri, Università Roma Tre (Italy)
Prof. Rafael Lopez-Campos Bodineau, Universidad de Seville (Spain)
Prof. Luis Luque Toro, Universita Ca’ Foscari, Venezia (Italy)
Prof. Bruce Duncan MacQueen, The University of Tulsa (United States)
Prof Laura McLoughlin, University of Galway (Ireland)
Prof. Svetlana Nedelcheva, Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen (Bulgaria)
Prof. Antonio Pamies Bertran, Universidad de Granada (Spain)
Prof. Manana Rusieshvili-Cartledge, Tbilisi State University (Georgia)
Prof. dr hab. Piotr Stalmaszczyk, Uniwersytet Łódzki (Poland)
Dr hab. Jacek Szczepaniak, prof. UKW, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego (Poland)
Prof. Dario Tomasello, Universita degli Studi di Messina (Italy)
Prof. Antonio Raul de Toro Santos, Universidade da Coruña (Spain)
Prof. Giedre Valunaite Oleskeviciene, Mykolo Romerio Universitetas (Lithuania)
Prof. Maria Rosaria Vitti-Alexander, College Nazareth-Rochester (United States)
Prof. zw. dr hab. Mariola Wierzbicka, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski (Poland)

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Reviewers

Forum Filologiczne Ateneum - Ateneum Philological Forum

ISSN 2353-2912 (print) / ISSN 2719-8537 (online)

A point ranked journal - 40 points - included in the pont ranked journals list of 1 December 2021 position 29827.

Before: A point ranked journal (20 points) included in the pont ranked journals list of 18 February 2021 position 29827, and of 18 December 2019 position 27730.

Ateneum Philological Forum 1(10)2022

Prof. Mercedes Arriaga Florez (Spain), dr hab. Anna Bączkowska, prof. UG (Poland);
dr hab. Hieronim Chojnacki, prof. A-ANS (Poland); dr Daniele Cerrato (Spain);
dr Anna Kulińska (Poland); prof. Nataliya Lemish (Ukraine); dr Milena Leszman (Poland);
prof. Rafael Lopez-Campos Bodineau (Spain); dr Rocío Márquez Garrido (Spain);
prof. dr Svitlana A. Matvieieva (Lithuania); prof Laura McLoughlin (Ireland);
dr Maurizio Mazzini (Poland), dr Mariia Onyshchuk (Ukraine); dr hab. Sylwia Skuza, prof. UMK (Poland);
dr hab. Małgorzata Spychała-Wawrzyniak, prof. UAM (Poland); prof. dr hab. Marian Szczodrowski (Poland);
dr Fernando Torrens Inigo (Poland/Spain); Prof. Giedre Valunaite Oleskeviciene (Lithuania)

Ateneum Philological Forum 1(9)2021

Prof. Mercedes Arriaga Florez; Linda Balistreri; dr hab. Anna Bączkowska, prof. UG; dr Daniele Cerrato;
dr hab. Hieronim Chojnacki, prof. A-SW; dr hab. Tomasz Ciszewski, prof. UG; dr Javier Fernández-Sánchez;
dr Anna Kulińska; prof. Rafael Lopez-Campos Bodineau; prof. dr hab. Grażyna Łopuszańska-Kryszczuk;
prof. dr Svitlana A. Matvieieva; dr Maurizio Mazzini; dr Mariia Onyshchuk; dr Tomasz Róg;
prof. dr hab. Marian Szczodrowski; dr Fernando Torrens

Special issue 2(8)2020

Dr hab. Anna Bączkowska, prof. UG; dr hab. Tomasz Ciszewski, prof. UG;
dr Anna Kulińska; prof. Rafael Lopez-Campos Bodineau; prof. dr hab. Grażyna Łopuszańska-Kryszczuk;
prof. dr hab. Marian Szczodrowski; prof. dr hab. Waldemar Tłokiński; dr Fernando Torrens

Ateneum Philological Forum 1(8)2020

Prof. Mercedes Arriaga Florez; Linda Balistreri, dr hab. Anna Bączkowska, prof. UG;
dr hab. Hieronim Chojnacki, prof. A-SW; dr Daniele Cerrato; dr hab. Tomasz Ciszewski, prof. UG;
dr Javier Fernández-Sánchez; dr hab. Maria Groenwald, prof. UG;
dr Adam Jagiełło-Rusiłowski; dr hab. Paweł Jędrzejko; dr hab. Joanna Kuć, Prof. UwB;
dr Anna Kulińska; prof. Nataliya Lemish; dr Milena Leszman; prof. Rafael Lopez-Campos Bodineau;
prof. dr hab. Grażyna Łopuszańska-Kryszczuk; Prof. Bruce Duncan MacQueen;
dr Maurizio Mazzini; dr Mariia Onyshchuk; dr Dariusz Pestka; prof. dr hab. Barbara Sadownik;
prof. dr hab. Marian Szczodrowski; dr Fernando Torrens; dr Paweł Wojciechowski

Ateneum Philological Forum 1(7)2019

dr hab. Tomasz Ciszewski, prof. UG; dr hab. Maria Groenwald, prof. UG; dr Adam Jagiełło-Rusiłowski;
dr hab. Joanna Kuć, Prof. UwB; dr Anna Kulińska; prof. Nataliya Lemish;
prof. Rafael Lopez-Campos Bodineau; prof. dr hab. Grażyna Łopuszańska-Kryszczuk;
dr Maurizio Mazzini; dr Mariia Onyshchuk; dr Dariusz Pestka; dr hab. Arkadiusz Rojczyk, prof. UŚ;
dr Krzysztof Rudolf; dr hab. Sylwia Skuza, prof. UMK; dr hab. Małgorzata Spychała-Wawrzyniak, prof. UAM;
prof. dr hab. Marian Szczodrowski; dr Cecylia Tatoj; prof. Antonio Raul de Toro Santos;
dr Tetiana Tsepeniuk; prof. dr hab. Mariola Wierzbicka; dr Bartosz Wiśniewski

Ateneum Philological Forum 1(6)2018 

Prof. Rafael Lopez-Campos Bodineau, Universidad de Seville (Spain)

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Ateneum Philological Forum is an open access journal, which means that all content are accessible free of charge for the user and/or their institution. Users can read, download, search and/or link to articles’ full text and/or use them for other purposes permitted by law without the author’s and/or publisher’s prior consent. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

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ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Tips for Authors

Author’s Consent Form for the article to be published in Ateneum Philological Forum

For archived journals see the Journals tab.

Guidelines for Authors

General Information

1. In journal “Forum Filologiczne Ateneum” (Ateneum Philological Forum) scientific authors’ original research-based texts are published in Polish and Congress languages. We accept works primarily in the field of linguistics, literature and cultural studies.

2. We do not charge any publication fee from the authors for the papers to be published in the journal Ateneum Forum Filologiczne (Ateneum Philological Forum).

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ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Reviewing form ENG word

Reviewing form ENG pdf

Reviewing Procedures

The review procedure for articles submitted for publication in the scientific journal Forum Filologiczne Ateneum (Ateneum Philological Forum) is subject to the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education as devised by the Science Ethics Committee,  and presented in the publication called "Good practices in scientific review procedures" (Warsaw, 2011).

1.  All articles submitted for publication in the scientific journal Forum Filologiczne Ateneum undergo a preselection procedure by the Editorial Team, allowing to select texts which will go through scientific reviewing.

2.  Texts which meet relevant criteria are sent to relevant reviewers in terms of the academic area and the language of the article.

3.  Each instance of reviewing is confidential and anonymous, and is carried out by two independent experts making sure conflict of interest between them and the author does not occur. What is meant by conflict of interest is both work dependency (professional dependency), direct scientific collaboration and direct personal relations (kinship up to the 2nd degree, marriage) between the reviewers and the author.

4.  In exceptional cases (e.g. a narrow group of experts in the field), the reviewer has to sign a relevant statement.

5.  During the review process the principle of mutual anonymity is maintained between the reviewer and the author (i.e. double-blind review process).

6.  Reviews should be prepared in electronic and paper versions (provided with signature) on a reviewing form available on the website of Ateneum Publishing House in WORD and PDF file. Reviews are archived for a period of 5 years at least.

7.  Reviewers are required to keep confidentiality rules.

8.  The review takes written form and its final stage is a motion by the reviewer’s motion requesting the article to be accepted for publication, to undergo correction or to be rejected from the current publication (review template). In the event of a dispute, additional reviewers will be appointed.

9. Comments of a reviewer are passed to an author of the reviewed text. Authors are obliged to apply reviewers’ comments to correct and improve their texts. If the author doesn’t agree with the reviewer’s conclusions, she/he has right to answer for them to the Editor.

10.  Having received the review, the author shall be informed of the reviewers’ remarks regarding his/her article and of the final decision concerning publication.

11.  The final acceptance is taken by Editor-in-Chief upon the remarks included in the review report and the final version of the article submitted by the author (taking into consideration any corrections made).

12. The Editorial Team provides a full list of reviewers for every journal volume printed as well as its version published on the relevant website.

13.  Reviews are not paid.

14.  Articles, evaluated negatively or positively – but not accepted for publishing, are digitally archived for 5 years at least.

15.  The Editorial Team does not return the papers which have not been accepted for publication.

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Publishing Ethics

The Editorial Board of the scientific Journal “Forum Filologiczne Ateneum” (Ateneum Philological Forum) of the Ateneum-University of Applied Sciences complies with the Principles of publishing ethics that aim at counteracting unfair publishing practices, which involve all parties in the publication process, in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). www.publicationethics.org

I. Obligations of Editorial Office

1. The Editors are obliged to keep all information pertaining to the publication confidential. The information will not be disclosed to unauthorized persons. 

2. All articles submitted for publication in the scientific journal Forum Filologiczne Ateneum undergo a preselection procedure by the Editorial Team that allows us to select texts qualifying for further reviewing process.

The main criteria for accepting articles comprise originality, the weight of the information contained in a paper, and innovativeness of the topics discussed.

3. Editorial assessment of the articles submitted for publication is not influenced by: race, nationality, origin, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs or political views of the Author(s).

4. Texts which meet the preliminary criteria are sent to reviewers. The reviewers are selected in accordance with their specialisation area and the language of the article.

5. The Publisher complies with the principle of double-blind review, according to which the Reviewer and the Author do not know their identities.

6.  Having received the review, the Author shall be informed of the reviewers’ remarks regarding his/her article and of the final decision concerning publication.

7. The Editor-in-Chief undertakes the final decision with the support of the Editorial Board Members, and taking into consideration reviews, answers of the Author to the reviewers’ comments and the final version of the corrected text. In disputable cases, the Editor-in-Chief may appoint an additional reviewer.

8. If the Editors or the reviewers detect some violations, such as plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication, ghost authorship or guest authorship, the Publisher will contact the Author(s) in order to explain the problem.

If no answer is provided or the explanation provided is unsatisfactory, the Editors will inform the Author(s) as well as the relevant authorities about the situation.

9. If plagiarism is detected after the article has been published, the Editors retract the text both on-line and in paper, and notify the Author(s) as well as the relevant authorities. The Editorial Board puts a relevant note on the Journal’s website and reports the fact of article retraction to the bibliometric database services which the Journal is indexed in, without providing personal data information.

10. Articles, evaluated negatively, as well as those evaluated positively yet not accepted for publishing, are digitally archived in the Publishing House of the Journal.  The rejected manuscripts can be resubmitted to other journals.

11. The Editorial Team does not return the papers which have not been accepted for publication.

12. The Editorial Team provides a full list of reviewers in each printed volume of the Journal as well as puts the information on the relevant website.

II. Obligations for Authors

1. The article(s) submitted by the Author(s) cannot be submitted for consideration to other journals or be previously published.

2. The submitted article must be original and cannot contain unauthorized quotes. Any form of plagiarism or self-plagiarism is unacceptable. The use of someone else's work must be properly referenced with respect to the copyright and intellectual property rights and cited using the appropriate APA format.

3. The Author is obliged to transfer their copyright to the Publisher: Wydawnictwo Ateneum-Akademii Nauk Stosowanych w Gdańsku.

4. The Author is obliged to transfer their copyright to the Publisher and declare that the work has not been published in another journal or published online (see. For Authors).

5. The Author is obliged to obey Publication Ethics rules and sign a relevant statement available on our website.

6. Authors of all the submitted papers shall disclose the funding sources for research, the results of which are presented in the submitted articles. The Author sends a completed and signed declaration of copyright transfer (see. For Authors).

7. The Author shall be subject to ghost writing & guest authorship procedures as explained on the Ateneum Publishing House website, and shall submit a relevant declaration.

8. Authors are obliged to apply reviewers’ comments to revise and improve their texts. If the author does not agree with the reviewer’s conclusions, she/he has right to submit a reply to reviewers’ comments to the Editor.

9. Liability resulting from potential breaches of publishing rights and copyright (quoting, illustration reprints, tables and graphs from other sources) lies with the Author.

III. Obligations for Reviewers

1.  Reviewers undertake to peer-review the scientific papers reliably and objectively, in accordance with ethical standards and refraining from any form of unscientific criticism.

2. Reviewers of all scientific texts must comply with confidentiality rules applicable to all information related to the reviewing process.

3. Reviewers should submit their reviews within 2 weeks after receiving the text. If the review process needs to be extended, the Reviewer should notify the Editor-in-Chief about this fact.

4. During the reviewing process the principle of mutual anonymity is maintained between the Reviewer and the Author (i.e. double-blind review process).

5.  The reviewing process is always confidential and anonymous, and is carried out by two independent experts. The Editors make sure that there is no conflict of interest between reviewers and the Author.  

6. What is meant by conflict of interest is work dependency (professional dependency), direct scientific collaboration, and/or direct personal relations (kinship up to the 2nd degree, marriage) between the Reviewers and the Author.

7. In the event of suspecting the Author's scholarly dishonesty or the suspicion of a conflict of interest the Reviewer is obliged to notify the Editor-in-Chief about this fact.

8. In exceptional cases (e.g. a limited number of experts in the field), the Reviewer has to sign a relevant statement if there is a suspicion of conflict of interests.

9. The review shall contain a clear statement whether or not a text is recommended for publication, whether any revisions are recommended/required or whether a text is rejected (in line with the review template). In case of any doubts or disagreements, additional reviewers will be appointed.

10. Reviewers are not paid for writing reviews.

Scientific diligence and research ethics

In accordance with the guidelines prepared by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Ateneum-University in Gdansk Publishing Department has implemented a ghostwriting firewall:

1.  The editors forewarn against lack of scientific diligence - it is not acceptable, inter alia, to resort to ghostwriting (failing to disclose significant contribution to the paper, failing to disclose own contribution as one of the authors and/or failing to mention their role in acknowledgements included in the paper) and guest/honorary authorship (adding persons whose contribution to the paper is minimal or none to the authors’ team).

2.  The paper’s authors are requested to disclose fully their contribution to the paper via a relevant form available on the Publishing Department’s website. The editors require information regarding the financing sources behind the paper, contribution towards the paper from scientific-research institutions, associations and other entities.

3.  All and any instances of undue scientific diligence shall be disclosed, including notification to relevant entities (authors’ employers, scientific associations, scientific editors’ associations etc). All and any instances of undue diligence shall be evidenced by the Publishing Department.

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Editorial Office

Ateneum-Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Gdańsku

Wydział Neofilologiczny

ul. 3 Maja 25A

80-802 Gdańsk

e-mail:  philological.forum(at)ateneum.edu.pl

Katarzyna Kukowicz-Żarska

Editor-in-Chief

Dean of the Faculty of Modern Languages

e-mail:  k.kukowicz(at)ateneum.edu.pl

ORCID:  0000-0002-6652-9068

Publisher

Wydawnictwo Ateneum-Akademii Nauk Stosowanych w Gdańsku

Ateneum-Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Gdańsku

ul. 3 Maja 25A

80-802 Gdańsk

Violetta Pastwa

Head of the Research and Publishing Department

phone: (+48) 58 722-08-25

e-mail:  v.pastwa(at)ateneum.edu.pl

ISSN: 2353-2912     eISSN: 2719-8537    DOI: 10.36575/2353-2912    PL: www.ateneum.edu.pl/o-uczelni/forum-filologiczne-ateneum

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Call for Papers

Ateneum Philological Forum is an academic journal issued by the Neophilological Faculty of Ateneum Academy in Gdańsk, Poland. It is a point ranked journal (40 points) included in the point ranked journals list (PL) of 1 December 2021 position 29827.

It has been coming out since 2013 as an annual open access unpaid academic journal and accepts papers on a wide array of topics relating to modern languages. The journal is abstracted and indexed in CEJSH (The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities), ERIH PLUS (The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences), and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals).

The journal aims to publish original and novel, theoretical and practical advancements in linguistics, literature and culture, translation studies, language teaching as well as interdisciplinary perspectives on neophilological matters in various languages. All submitted papers will be reviewed by our international academic board and a DOI number (CROSSREF) will be allocated.

Papers can be submitted electronically to:  [email protected] or [email protected].

However, in order to be accepted for a given year papers must be received by the end of June. Formal acceptance of the paper from the editor means it will be accepted for reviews. The final decision, however, as regards the selection of papers to a specific issue/volume of the journal lies with by the Editorial Board in collaboration with the author.